目的 研究宽叶匙羹藤Gymnema latifolium中的C₂₁甾体类成分及其促葡萄糖摄取活性。方法 采用硅胶、ODS、Sephadex-LH 20凝胶及半制备高效液相等技术进行分离纯化，通过波谱数据分析鉴定化合物的结构；采用HepG2细胞葡萄糖摄取模型评价化合物的促葡萄糖摄取活性。结果 从宽叶匙羹藤中分离得到18个C₂₁甾体类化合物，分别鉴定为20-O-benzoyl-12-O-cinnamoyl-3β,5α,8β,12β,14β,17β,20-heptahydroxy-(20S)-pregn-6-ene-3-O-β-D-allopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-oleandropyra- nosyl(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl (1→4)-β-D-digitoxopyranoside（1）、20-O-benzoyl-12-O-cinnamoyl-3β,5α,8β,12β,14β,17β,20-heptahydroxy-(20S)-pregn-6-ene（2）、gymnepregoside H（3）、prosapogenin（4）、sylvepregoside E（5）、gymnepregoside G（6）、penupogenin（7）、gymnepregoside I（8）、cissasteroid A（9）、cynsaccatol L（10）、gymnemarsgenin（11）、gnetumoside A（12）、cynanchin F（13）、gagamine（14）、12-O-benzoylsarcostin（15）、cissasteroid B（16）、12,20-O-dibenzoylsarcostin（17）、hemoside A（18）。其中化合物1为新化合物，命名为宽叶匙羹藤苷E；其余均为首次从该植物中分离得到。在无明显细胞毒性条件下，化合物1～18给药组葡萄糖摄取量为对照组的0.70～1.73倍，其中化合物4、8～10、12～14、16和17可显著促进HepG2细胞葡萄糖摄取，摄取量为对照组的1.38～1.73倍。结论 宽叶匙羹藤富含C₂₁甾体类成分，部分化合物显示出良好的潜在抗糖尿病活性，值得进一步深入研究。

Objective To investigate the C₂₁ steroids from Gymnema latifolium and their glucose uptake-promoting activity. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques including silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. The glucose uptake-promoting activity of the isolates was evaluated using a HepG2 cellular glucose uptake model. Results A total of 18 C₂₁ steroids were isolated and identified as gymlatifoside E (1), 20-O-benzoyl-12-O-cinnamoyl-3β,5α,8β,12β,14β,17β,20-heptahydroxy-(20S)-pregn-6-ene (2), gymnepregoside H (3), prosapogenin (4), sylvepregoside E (5), gymnepregoside G (6), penupogenin (7), gymnepregoside I (8), cissasteroid A (9), cynsaccatol L (10), gymnemarsgenin (11), gnetumoside A (12), cynanchin F (13), gagamine (14), 12-O-benzoylsarcostin (15), cissasteroid B (16), 12,20-O-dibenzoylsarcostin (17), hemoside A (18). Among them, compound 1 is a new C₂₁ steroid, and compounds 2—18 were isolated from G. latifolium for the first time. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, treatment with compounds 1—18 resulted in glucose uptake levels ranging from 0.70- to 1.73-fold of the control group in HepG2 cells, among which compounds 4, 8–10, 12–14, 16, and 17 significantly promoted glucose uptake, reaching 1.38- to 1.73-fold of the control group. Conclusion G. latifolium is rich in C₂₁ steroids, and some of these compounds exhibit promising potential anti-diabetic activity, warranting further investigation.

R284.1

国家自然科学基金项目（82360823）；广西自然科学基金项目（2025GXNSFBA069359）；广西中医药大学博士启动基金（2023BS012）