中药挥发油是中药发挥药效的重要物质基础之一，其提取技术直接决定产品的药效、安全性与质量稳定性。然而，传统提取方法普遍存在提取效率偏低、热敏性成分易破坏、有机溶剂残留等问题，严重影响挥发油的品质与规模化应用。因此，发展绿色高效的新型提取技术已成为推动该领域技术进步的关键方向。系统概述了溶剂萃取、水蒸气蒸馏等常规提取技术的应用现状及其固有局限，论述了通过工艺参数优化、设备结构改进及结合超声、微波等物理场辅助技术提升传统方法效能的研究策略。同时，总结了超临界流体提取、亚临界提取、超声辅助提取、微波辅助提取、离子液体提取及脉冲电场辅助提取等新兴技术的技术最新进展与研究概况。最后，展望了多技术协同联用、绿色溶媒替代及智能调控系统构建等未来发展趋势，为中药挥发油提取技术的创新与产业化应用提供参考。

Volatile oil in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the important material bases for TCM to exert pharmacological effects, and its extraction technology directly determines the efficacy, safety and quality stability of the product. However, traditional extraction methods generally have problems such as low extraction efficiency, susceptible degradation of heat-sensitive constituents, and organic solvent residues, which seriously affect the quality and large-scale application of volatile oils. Therefore, the development of green and efficient new extraction technologies has become a key direction to promote technological progress in this field. This paper systematically summarizes the application status and inherent limitations of conventional extraction technologies such as solvent extraction and steam distillation, and discusses the research strategies to improve the efficiency of traditional methods through process parameter optimization, equipment structure improvement, and combination of ultrasonic, microwave and other physics auxiliary technologies. At the same time, the latest technical progress and research overview of emerging technologies such as supercritical fluid extraction, subcritical extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ionic liquid extraction and pulsed electric field-assisted extraction are summarized. Finally, the future development trends of multi-technology collaboration, green solvent substitution and intelligent regulation system construction are prospected, providing references for the innovation and industrial application of TCM volatile oil extraction technologies.

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江西省重点研发计划重点项目（20243BCC31010）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（82474087）；江西省赣鄱英才计划（gpyc20250055）