目的 在遵古方要求的基础上，结合现代技术手段，对瓜蒌Trichosanthis Fructus的古法煎煮与现代煎煮方法进行比较研究。方法 瓜蒌分别以米酒（古法）和纯净水（现代）浸泡30 min，煎煮180 min得供试液。采用UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS分析，Hypersil GOLD aQ柱（100 mm×2.1 mm，1.9 μm），以0.1%甲酸乙腈-0.1%甲酸水为流动相，梯度洗脱，体积流量0.3 mL/min，柱温35 ℃，进样量1 μL；ESI正负离子同时采集，扫描范围m/z 100～1 500。利用Thermo Scientific Xcalibur软件对数据进行处理，通过质谱信息结合对照品、相关文献资料以及化合物裂解规律对不同瓜蒌煎煮液中化学成分进行鉴定和分析。结果 与常规现代煎煮法相比，古法煎煮瓜蒌所鉴定出的化合物种类更多，在古法煎煮样品中共鉴定出44种化合物，现代煎煮样品中鉴定出39种化合物；精氨酸、赖氨酸、鸟嘌呤、腺嘌呤、次黄嘌呤等主要成分在古法煎煮液中的含量显著高于现代煎煮液；组氨酸、瓜氨酸、5-羟甲基糠醛、美迪紫檀素、香草酸、金圣草黄素、香叶木素、山柰素、丹皮酚等成分仅在瓜蒌的古法煎煮样品中被鉴定出。结论 证实了古法煎煮能够更有效地提取或转化瓜蒌中的化学成分，这可能是其独特临床疗效的物质基础，值得在临床应用中予以重视和进一步研究。

Objective On the basis of the requirements of ancient prescriptions, combined with modern technical means, the ancient decoction and modern decoction methods of Gualou (Trichosanthis Fructus) were compared. Methods Trichosanthis Fructus was soaked in rice wine (ancient method) and purified water (modern method) for 30 min, then decocted for 180 min. Samples were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS on a Hypersil GOLD aQ column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm), with 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile–0.1% formic acid water as mobile phase by gradient elution (0.3 mL/min, 35 °C, 1 μL). ESI data were acquired in positive and negative modes (m/z 100—1 500). Data were processed using Thermo Scientific Xcalibur. Chemical constituents in different Trichosanthis Fructus decoctions were identified and analyzed based on MS data, reference standards, literature, and fragmentation patterns. Results Compared with the conventional modern decoction method, the ancient decoction method of Trichosanthis Fructus yielded more compound types. A total of 44 compounds were identified in ancient decoction samples versus 39 in modern decoction samples. The contents of major components such as arginine, lysine, guanine, adenine,and hypoxanthine were significantly higher in the ancinet decoction than in the modern decoction. Histidine, citrulline, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, medicarpin, vanillic acid, chrysoeriol, diosmetin, kaempferide, and paeonol were identified exclusively in the ancient decoction samples of Trichosanthis Fructus. Conclusion This study confirmed that the ancient decoction method can more effectively extract or transform the chemical components in Trichosanthis Fructus, which may be the material basis for its unique clinical efficacy. It is worthy of attention and further research in clinical application.

R284.1

校企合作课题《古法煎药的技术优势研究》；天津市科技计划项目（25HHZYSS00019）；天津市名中医传承工作室建设项目（津卫中[2024]61号）