肺纤维化是多种间质性肺疾病的终末期表现，病理特征表现在于肺泡结构和功能性肺泡单位渐进性破坏、持续性肺组织纤维化，预后极差，严重影响患者生存质量。肺纤维化病理过程中存在端粒缩短、细胞凋亡抵抗、衰老相关分泌表型等典型“衰老特征”，细胞衰老作为肺纤维化的发病机制之一，在肺纤维化发生发展中发挥重要作用。研究表明，中药活性成分、单味药和复方制剂能够通过直接或间接抑制细胞衰老，进而达到延缓肺纤维化疾病进展的治疗作用。因此，通过阐述细胞衰老与肺纤维化的联系，归纳总结近年来关于中药通过抑制细胞衰老治疗肺纤维化的研究现状，为临床肺纤维化治疗提供参考。

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the terminal manifestation of various interstitial lung diseases. It is pathologically characterized by progressive destruction of alveolar structure and functional alveolar units, as well as persistent fibrosis of lung tissue. The prognosis is extremely poor, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. In the pathological process of PF, there are typical “senescence-associated features” such as telomere shortening, resistance to apoptosis, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Cellular senescence, as one of the pathogenic mechanisms, plays an important role in the occurrence and development of PF. Studies have shown that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), single medicinal herbs and compound preparations of TCM can achieve the therapeutic effect of delaying the progression of PF by directly or indirectly inhibiting cellular senescence. Therefore, this article elaborates on the connection between cellular senescence and PF, summarizes the current research status of TCM in treating PF by inhibiting cellular senescence in recent years, and provides a reference for the clinical treatment of PF.

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国家自然科学基金区域联合基金项目（U24A20777）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（82274440）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（82204993）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（82305157）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（82505490）；辽宁中医药大学中医脏象理论及应用教育部重点实验室开放基金资助项目（zyzx2503，zyzx2502）；辽宁省科技厅博士启动项目（2025-BS-0721）；辽宁省教育厅高校基本科研项目（LJ222510162023）