松花粉Pini Pollen作为传统药食两用中药材，富含多糖、黄酮、甾醇和不饱和脂肪酸等活性成分，可通过调节糖脂代谢、胰岛素信号、慢性炎症与氧化应激、肠道菌群及肠黏膜屏障等环节，对糖尿病、高脂血症、肥胖、代谢相关脂肪性肝病及糖尿病慢性创面等代谢性疾病或相关并发症产生潜在干预作用。不同加工方式对其活性释放和应用场景影响明显，破壁处理有助于提升内部亲水性和脂溶性成分的溶出，发酵处理可能通过微生物转化改变多酚和代谢产物谱，硫酸化修饰可增强多糖的降糖和免疫调节活性，超临界CO₂萃取则更适合富集脂溶性组分。现有临床研究提示松花粉在辅助降糖、调脂和促进糖尿病相关慢性创面愈合等方面具有一定价值，但多数研究样本量小，随机化、盲法、剂量标准化和长期安全性评价不足，且原料来源和制剂工艺差异增加了结果异质性。未来应围绕关键质量标志物、加工工艺标准化、药效物质基础，及成分、体内暴露与效应之间的关系开展研究，并通过设计严谨的大样本随机对照试验验证其临床获益与安全性，以推动松花粉从经验应用向循证化和精准化转化。

Songhuafen (Pini Pollen), a traditional medicinal and edible material, is rich in bioactive constituents such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, sterols, and unsaturated fatty acids. It may exert potential effects on diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, and diabetes-related chronic wounds by regulating glucolipid metabolism, insulin signaling, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, gut microbiota, and intestinal barrier function. Different processing methods markedly influence active component release and clinical applicability: wall-breaking improves the dissolution of internal hydrophilic and lipophilic components, fermentation treatment may alter the polyphenol and metabolite profiles through microbial transformation, sulfation can enhance the hypoglycemic and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides, and supercritical CO₂ extraction is more suitable for enriching lipophilic fractions. Existing clinical evidence suggests potential auxiliary benefits in glucose-reducing, lipid regulation, and wound healing related to diabetic complications. However, most studies are limited by small sample sizes, insufficient randomization, blinding, dose standardization and long-term safety evaluation, and heterogeneity caused by differences in raw materials and preparation technologies. Future studies should clarify key quality markers, standardize processing technologies, establish material basis and relationships among components, exposure, and effects, and validate clinical efficacy and safety through rigorously designed, large-scale randomized controlled trials. These efforts promote the transition of Pini Pollen from empirical use to evidence-based and precision-oriented clinical application.

R285

四川省自然科学基金项目（2026NSFSC1864）