石斛Dendrobii Caulis具益胃生津、滋阴清热之效，药食同源特性显著，产业链贯通药材、食品、保健品、日化及文旅康养多领域，在推动中医药现代化、促进区域经济发展与乡村振兴中具有重要战略价值。当前产业虽已形成百亿级规模，仍面临道地药材供给体系不健全、产品结构单一与深加工能力不足、基础与应用研究薄弱、区域公共品牌影响力有限与文化赋能深度不足等现实挑战。从历史源流、产业现状与发展策略3个维度，系统梳理石斛基原种类、资源分布格局、产业现状及科研进展，深入剖析发展瓶颈，结合安徽霍山“米斛”种质资源保护与高端开发、云南龙陵（紫皮石斛之乡）规模化种植、江西龙虎山岩壁仿野生种植等典型实践，提出强化基地标准化建设、完善全程质量管控体系、深化科技创新驱动、拓展产品多元化路径、塑造区域特色品牌、推动三产融合协同发展等策略，为石斛产业实现生态效益与经济效益双赢、服务中医药传承创新与乡村全面振兴提供理论参考与实践路径。

Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis) has the effects of nourishing the stomach, promoting fluid production, and nourishing yin to clear heat. With its significant characteristics of being both a medicinal and food resource, its industrial chain spans multiple sectors including medicinal herbs, food, health products, daily chemicals, and cultural tourism wellness. It holds important strategic value in promoting the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, fostering regional economic development, and driving rural revitalization. Although the industry has currently reached a scale of billions, it still faces practical challenges such as an incomplete supply system for authentic medicinal herbs, a singular product structure and insufficient deep-processing capabilities, weak fundamental and applied research, limited influence of regional public brands, and inadequate cultural empowerment. This study systematically reviews the original species of Dendrobii Caulis, resource distribution patterns, industrial status, and research progress from three dimensions—historical origins, current industrial conditions, and development strategies. It conducts an in-depth analysis of developmental bottlenecks, drawing on exemplary practices such as the protection and high-end development of “Mihu” germplasm resources in Huoshan, Anhui, large-scale cultivation of “Purple-Skin Dendrobii Caulis” in Longling, Yunnan, and rock wall near-wild cultivation in Longhu mountain, Jiangxi. Based on these cases, it proposes strategies including strengthening standardized base construction, improving comprehensive quality control systems, deepening technology-driven innovation, diversifying product pathways, shaping regional specialty brands, and promoting integrated development across primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. These measures aim to achieve a win-win scenario of ecological and economic benefits for Dendrobii Caulis industry, providing theoretical references and practical pathways for serving the inheritance, innovation of traditional Chinese medicine, and comprehensive rural revitalization.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（82474374）；国家中医药博物馆立项项目（NMTCM-WT-YJ-2025-07）