目的 研究不同生长年限对药食同源植物葛根Puerariae lobatae的差异性代谢物和蛋白质情况的影响。方法 综合运用代谢组学与无标记定量蛋白质组学技术，对一年生、二年生和三年生葛根样本中代谢物的积累动态及蛋白质的表达谱进行比较分析。结果 代谢组分析黄酮类化合物的差异，一年生和二年生葛根样品鉴定到236个显著差异表达代谢物，其中205个表达上调，31个表达下调；二年生和三年生葛根样品显著差异表达代谢物数量减少至25个，其中14个上调，11个下调；一年生和三年生葛根样品显著差异代谢物83个，70个上调，13个下调。并对其进行化合物分类、相关性及基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes，KEGG）通路富集分析代谢通路富集分析，获得5条显著富集通路。通过蛋白质组分析得到2 764个显著差异蛋白（筛选标准：FC≥1.5或≤0.67且P＜0.05），从3个比较组中分别得到上调蛋白1 565、1 437、193个；下调蛋白931、817、260个，并对基因本体（gene ontology，GO）功能及KEGG代谢通路等进行分析，这些蛋白显著富集在黄酮类生物合成、丙酮酸代谢及氨基酸生物合成等通路上。结论 不同生长年限葛根的差异积累代谢物和差异蛋白主要富集于苯丙素类生物合成、黄酮类生物合成与各种植物次生代谢产物的生物合成途径。葛根黄酮类成分与抗炎、调血脂及降糖等药理活性密切相关，为葛根的开发利用与生长发育的分子机制提供依据。

Objective To investigate the differential components existing in the roots of Puerariae lobata, a plant with both medicinal and edible properties, at growth stages of one-year, biennial and three-year-old. Methods By comprehensively applying metabolomics and label-free quantitative proteomics, a comparative analysis was conducted of metabolite accumulation dynamics and protein expression profiles in samples from different growth years. Results Metabolic profiling revealed significant differences in flavonoid composition across developmental stages. Comparative analysis identified 236 significantly differentially accumulated metabolites between one-year-old and two-year-old plants, of which 205 were up-accumulated and 31 down-accumulated; between two-year-old and three-year-old plants, the number decreased markedly to 25 differentially accumulated metabolites (14 up-accumulated, 11 down-accumulated); and between one-year-old and three-year-old plants, 83 differentially accumulated metabolites were detected (70 up-accumulated, 13 down-accumulated). Subsequent compound classification, correlation analysis, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of these metabolites identified five pathways significantly enriched in flavonoid-related metabolism. Parallel proteomic profiling yielded 2 764 significantly differentially expressed proteins (FC ≥ 1.5 or ≤ 0.67, P < 0.05). Across the three pairwise comparisons, upregulated proteins numbered 1 565, 1 437, and 193, respectively, while downregulated proteins totaled 931, 817, and 260, respectively. Functional annotation via gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses further demonstrated significant enrichment of these proteins in biological processes and pathways central to flavonoid biosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis. Conclusion Metabolite accumulation and proteomic variations across different growth years of P. lobata are predominantly enriched in the biosynthetic pathways of phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and other plant secondary metabolites. Flavonoid constituents from P. lobata are closely associated with pharmacological activities including anti&8209;inflammatory, lipid&8209;regulating and hypoglycemic effects.This study establishes a foundational framework for both the rational development and utilization of P. lobata resources and the mechanistic understanding of its growth and developmental regulation at the molecular level.

R282.12

国家自然科学基金资助项目（82560743）；江西省农业农村厅现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（JXARS-16）