目的 通过文献计量学分析2001年1月—2025年12月中医药防治糖尿病认知功能障碍的相关文献，系统揭示该领域的研究现状、发展脉络、前沿趋势以及未来方向。方法 通过检索中国知网（CNKI）、万方（Wanfang）、维普（VIP）、Web of Science（WOS）及PubMed数据库中近20年的相关文献，筛选后利用NoteExpress软件去重整理，运用CiteSpace、VOSviewer软件对文献的发文趋势、发文作者、机构、国家、关键词等进行可视化分析。结果 纳入中文文献312篇，英文文献183篇。中英文文献发文量总体呈上升趋势，中文文献发文量多于英文文献，占主体地位。中国和美国发文量位居前列。中英文文献已形成以战丽彬为核心的研究团队，但跨团队、跨机构间的合作尚不充分。北京中医药大学与辽宁中医药大学是中文核心发文机构，辽宁中医药大学构成英文研究主力，研究主体集中于国内中医药院校及其附属医院。“细胞凋亡”是中文文献中突现强度最高的热点，英文文献中“traditional Chinese medicine”突现强度最高，“肠道菌群”在中英文文献中均为持续突现热点，同时，菌-肠-脑轴、多组学整合等已成为该领域具有潜力的前沿方向。结论 中医药防治糖尿病认知功能障碍的研究正处于从现象描述向机制解析、从单一通路向网络调控、从基础向临床转化的关键转型期，未来需聚焦靶点验证、多组学整合、外周-中枢交互、代谢重编程及临床转化5大方向，以破解靶点验证、质量控制、模型相关性、血脑屏障评估及临床试验等核心挑战，推动中医药在糖尿病认知功能障碍防治中的现代化与国际化进程。

Objective Through bibliometric analysis, the relevant literature on the prevention and treatment of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes with traditional Chinese medicine from January 2001to December 2025 was analyzed, and the research status, development context, cutting-edge trends and future directions in this field were systematically revealed. Methods By searching the relevant literature in the databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science (WOS) and PubMed in the past 20 years, the NoteExpress software was used to deduplicate and sort them, and CiteSpace and VOSviewer softwares were used to conduct visual analysis on the publication trends, authors, institutions, countries, keywords, etc. Results A total of 312 Chinese literature and 183 English literature were included. The number of published literature in Chinese is higher than that in English, occupying a dominant position. China and the United States ranked among the leading countries in terms of publication volume. The research teams centered on Zhan Libin have establish in both the Chinese and English literature, however, collaboration across teams and institutions remained insufficient. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were the core institutions contributing to the Chinese literature, while Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the major contributor to the English literature. Overall, the research institutions were primarily concentrated among Chinese universities of traditional Chinese medicine and their affiliated hospitals. The “apoptosis” exhibited the highest burst strength in the Chinese literature, whereas “traditional Chinese medicine” exhibited the highest burst strength in the English literature. “Gut microbiota” was a sustained burst keyword in both the Chinese and English literature. Meanwhile, the “microbiota-gut-brain axis” and multi-omics integration have emerged as promising research frontiers in this field. Conclusion Research on traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cognitive dysfunction is currently at a critical stage of transition from phenomenological description to mechanistic elucidation, from single-pathway investigation to network-based regulation, and from basic research to clinical translation. Future research should focus on five key areas: target validation, multi-omics integration, peripheral-central interactions, metabolic reprogramming, and clinical translation, with the aim of addressing major challenges related to target validation, quality control, model relevance, blood-brain barrier assessment, and clinical trials, thereby advancing the modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of diabetic cognitive dysfunction.

G350;R285

国家自然科学基金项目（82204805）；安徽省高校自然科学研究重点项目（2023AH050866）；安徽省高校优秀青年教师项目（YQYB2024030）；安徽中医药大学“基础-临床融合”专项（面上）项目（JCLCA2025010）；安徽中医药大学第二附属医院“杏林英才”培育计划项目（2023-0500-48-46）