目的 基于脾脏转录组学探究驴胶补血颗粒改善产后气血双虚模型大鼠的作用机制。方法 产后24 h的大鼠采用连续2周负重游泳联合眼眶放血建立产后气血双虚模型，造模成功后随机分为模型组及驴胶补血颗粒低、中、高剂量（0.84、1.68、3.36 g/kg）组和当归补血丸（1.89 g/kg）组，另取产后24 h的大鼠作为对照组。给药干预2周后，通过气虚评分、血虚评分、血常规指标、免疫器官指数、免疫炎症指标等综合评价驴胶补血颗粒对模型大鼠产后气血双虚症状的改善作用。通过转录组学分析探究驴胶补血颗粒干预后对大鼠脾脏差异表达基因及相关信号通路的影响，采用Western blotting和qRT-PCR对关键信号通路中的蛋白和基因表达进行验证。结果 驴胶补血颗粒可以显著改善产后气血双虚模型大鼠的气虚评分、血虚评分、血常规指标（P＜0.05、0.01），降低血清中炎症相关指标白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6，IL-6）、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）水平（P＜0.05、0.01），升高免疫调节相关指标免疫球蛋白A（immunoglobulin A，IgA）、IgG、IgM水平（P＜0.05、0.01），抑制脾脏组织中丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase，MAPK）通路相关蛋白和基因的表达（P＜0.05、0.01、0.001）。结论 驴胶补血颗粒通过抑制MAPK通路的磷酸化，调节机体免疫功能，降低炎性反应发生，从而改善大鼠产后气血双虚症状。

Objective To explore the mechanism of Lvjiao Buxue Granules (驴胶补血颗粒) in improving postpartum qi and blood deficiency model rats based on spleen transcriptomics. Methods Rats 24 h postpartum were subjected to continuous two weeks weight-bearing swimming combined with orbital bloodletting to establish a postpartum qi and blood deficiency model. After successful modeling, they were randomly divided into model group, Lvjiao Buxue Granules low-, medium-, high-dose (0.84, 1.68, 3.36 g/kg) groups and Danggui Buxue Pills (当归补血丸, 1.89 g/kg) group. Rats 24 h postpartum were also selected as the control group. After two weeks of drug intervention, the comprehensive evaluation of the improvement effect of Lvjiao Buxue Granules on postpartum qi and blood deficiency symptoms in model rats was conducted through qi deficiency score, blood deficiency score, blood routine index, immune organ index, immune inflammation index and other indicators. Through transcriptome analysis, the effects of Lvjiao Buxue Granules intervention on differentially expressed genes and related signaling pathways in spleen of rats were explored. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to verify the protein and gene expressions in key signaling pathways. Results Lvjiao Buxue Granules could significantly improve qi deficiency score, blood deficiency score and blood routine indicators of postpartum qi and blood deficiency model rats (P < 0.05, 0.01), reduce inflammation related indicators such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in serum (P < 0.05, 0.01), increase immune regulation related indicators such as immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG and IgM levels (P < 0.05, 0.01), and inhibit the expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway related proteins and genes in spleen tissue (P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001). Conclusion Lvjiao Buxue Granules can improve the symptoms of postpartum qi and blood deficiency in rats by inhibiting the phosphorylation of MAPK pathway, regulating the immune function of body and reducing the occurrence of inflammatory reactions.

R285.5

国家自然科学基金面上项目（82374153）；企业委托横向科研项目（02260123030013）