高原病是因高原低氧低压、寒冷干燥、强紫外线等特殊环境因素引发的高原相关疾病，其发病机制复杂，且多与气虚、血瘀相关。红景天Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma作为著名的中药材，其活性成分多样，包括苯乙醇苷类、黄酮类、苯丙素类、挥发油类、有机酸类及其他活性成分，具有益气活血、通脉平喘的功效，在防治高原病中展现出多重生物学效应。现代药理学研究证实红景天及其有效成分在抗炎、抗氧化应激、抗疲劳、调控程序性细胞死亡、改善糖脂代谢和肠道菌群调节等方面对高原病发挥防治作用。对近年来红景天及其有效成分对高原病防治的作用机制与应用进行综述，为红景天在高原病的临床应用研究提供参考依据。

High altitude disease (HAD) refers to disorders triggered by specific environmental factors such as low oxygen levels, low atmospheric pressure, cold and dry conditions, and strong ultraviolet radiation. Its pathogenesis is complex and often linked to qi deficiency and blood stasis. Hongjingtian (Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma), a renowned traditional Chinese medicinal herb, contains diverse active ingredients including phenylethanoid glycosides, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, volatile oils, organic acids and other active components. It has the effects of nourishing qi, promoting blood circulation, clearing meridians and relieving asthma, exhibiting multiple biological effects in prevention and treatment of HAD. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma and its active ingredients play a preventive and therapeutic role in HAD through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-fatigue, regulation of programmed cell death, improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism, and intestinal flora regulation. This review summarizes the mechanisms and applications of Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma and its active ingredients in prevention and treatment of HAD in recent years, providing a reference for clinical research on Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma in treatment of HAD.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（82205043）；成都市卫生健康委员会委校联合专项（WXLH202403114）