目的 探究通关藤的基原，建立其半定量分析方法，为药材质量控制与标准完善提供科学依据。方法 收集通关藤的对照药材、市场销售药材及2种可能基原植物（通光散Masdenia tenacissima和灵药牛奶菜M. cavaleriei）的藤茎样品，采用超高效液相色谱-电雾式检测器（UHPLC-CAD）技术，使用ACQUITY BEH C₁₈色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm，1.7 μm），以0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱，体积流量0.5 mL/min，进样量2 μL。通过《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2012版）》分析样品谱图相似度。以UHPLC-CAD指纹图谱中8个主要成分的色谱峰面积为指标，开展相对含量及批次间总相对含量的半定量分析。结果 所建立的UHPLC-CAD指纹图谱分析方法的精密度、稳定性及重复性良好，符合中药指纹图谱分析的方法要求。通关藤对照药材与市场上12批药材指纹图谱的相似度为0.927～0.988，通关藤药材对照指纹图谱与通光散藤茎的指纹图谱差异显著，而与灵药牛奶菜藤茎的指纹谱图一致性良好，相似度均大于0.85，且主成分含量较为一致。8个主要成分的相对含量依次为通关藤苷A＞marsdenoside H＞marsdenoside K＞通关藤苷B＞通关藤苷H＞通关藤苷D＞通关藤苷I＞通关藤苷E。结论 除了《中国药典》2025年版规定的指标成分通关藤苷H外，通关藤苷A、marsdenoside H、marsdenoside K和通关藤苷B的含量较高，可以作为潜在质量标志物，从化学成分角度为中药通关藤的基原鉴定提供理论基础。

Objective To explore the botanical origin of traditional Chinese medicine Tong-guan-teng and establish a semi-quantitative analysis method, and provide a scientific basis for the quality control and criterion improvement of the medicinal material. Methods Reference sample of Tong-guan-teng, market-available materials, and vine samples of two possible origin plants (Marsdenia tenacissima and M. cavaleriei) were collected. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector (UHPLC-CAD) was employed, and an ACQUITY BEH C₁₈column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) was used. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile, at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, with an injection volume of 2 μL. The similarity of sample chromatograms was analyzed by the “Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2012 edition)”. Based on the chromatographic peak areas of eight main components in the UHPLC-CAD fingerprint, semi-quantitative analysis of relative contents and total relative contents among batches was carried out. Results The established fingerprint was validated by methodology, with demonstrated satisfactory precision, stability and repeatability, which met the requirements of traditional Chinese medicine fingerprint analysis. The similarity of fingerprints among the reference sample and 12 batches of commercial Tong-guan-teng samples ranged from 0.927 to 0.988. Significant differences were observed between the reference fingerprint of Tong-guan-teng and those of M. tenacissima stems, while a high degree of consistency was achieved with M. cavaleriei stems (similarity > 0.85) and the total contents of major components were relatively consistent. The relative contents of the eight major components followed the order: tenacissoside A > marsdenoside H > marsdenoside K > tenacissoside B > tenacissoside H > tenacissoside D > tenacissoside I > tenacissoside E. Conclusion In addition to tenacissoside H (the index component specified in the 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia), tenacissoside A, marsdenoside H, marsdenoside K and tenacissoside B have relatively high contents, which can serve as potential quality markers and provide a theoretical basis for the botanical origin identification of the traditional Chinese medicine Tong-guan-teng from the perspective of chemical composition.

R282.6

国家自然科学基金项目（82074008）