道地药材以其品质上乘、疗效确切而著称，是衡量和保障中药质量的核心标志。然而，在现代栽培技术的推广和市场需求的共同作用下，传统道地产区的界限日趋模糊，因此，道地药材的准确鉴定变得尤为重要。目前道地药材的鉴定研究已取得较大进展，在传统经验辨识基础上，进一步呈现出多元化的发展趋势。通过特征性状判断、关键成分解析、分子标记鉴定、多指标联合分析、数字化与智能识别等策略，从不同维度对道地药材进行了全方位的鉴别。系统总结了性状鉴定、显微鉴定、理化鉴定、分子鉴定、数字化与智能鉴定等道地药材的鉴定策略和研究进展，为道地药材的鉴定研究提供了基础资料。

Genuine medicinal materials (Dao-di medicines) are renowned for their superior quality and proven efficacy, and serve as a core marker for assessing and ensuring the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. However, due to the combined effects of the widespread adoption of modern cultivation techniques and market demand, the boundaries of traditional Dao-di producing regions are becoming increasingly blurred. Consequently, the accurate identification of Dao-di medicines is becoming ever more important. Significant progress has been made in the identification research of Dao-di medicines. Building upon traditional empirical identification methods, research in this field is now exhibiting a trend towards diversification. Through strategies such as assessment of characteristic morphological features, analysis of key constituents, molecular marker identification, multi-indicator combined analysis, and digital and intelligent recognition, Dao-di medicines have been comprehensively identified from various dimensions. In this article, we systematically reviewed various identification strategies and research progress regarding Dao-di medicines, including macroscopic morphological identification, microscopic identification, physicochemical identification, molecular identification, and digital and intelligent identification, thereby providing foundational reference materials for research into the identification of Dao-di medicines.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（82574527）；中央本级重大增减支项目“名贵中药资源可持续利用能力建设项目”（2060302）