中药谱效关系研究是连接中药传统疗效与现代科学的核心技术桥梁之一，它可以通过构建中药化学图谱与药效指标的内在关联，精准筛选药效物质基础、阐明作用机制，为中药质量科学控制提供了创新性解决方案。然而，受中药自身特性与研究技术限制，中药谱效研究仍面临诸多瓶颈。以“谱-效-谱效关系-成果转化”为主线，系统梳理了中药谱效研究存在的突出问题，剖析问题源头，为后续研究提供参考，助力中药谱效研究向更科学、更系统、更具实用价值的方向发展。

Spectrum-effect relationship research in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) serves as a crucial technical bridge between traditional therapeutic efficacy and modern scientific research. By elucidating the intrinsic correlations between the chemical spectra of TCM and their pharmacological activities, this approach enables accurate identification of pharmacodynamically active substances and elucidation of their mechanisms of action. It thereby provides an innovative foundation for scientific quality control of TCM. However, inherent characteristics of TCM and current research limitations present significant challenges in this field. Centered on framework of “spectrum-efficacy, spectrum-effect relationships and achievement transformation”, this review systematically summarizes the key challenges facing spectrum-effect research in TCM, analyzes their underlying causes, and offers recommendations for standardizing future studies and industrializing research outcomes. This work aims to advance spectrum-effect research toward greater scientific rigor, systematicity, and practical value.

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四川省中医药管理局科学技术研究专项（25CGZHZX069）；成都大学2026年省级大学生创新训练计划项目（S202611079029）