目的 从知识图谱和全球专利角度对巴豆Croton tiglium的研究热点与前沿领域进行全面分析，为巴豆的临床实践及后续的深入探索提供理论依据和参考方向。方法 以巴豆为关键词检索中国知网（CNKI）、万方（Wanfang）、维普（VIP）、Web of Science（WOS）4个数据库，将文献导入NoteExpress文献管理软件中进行查重和筛选。利用Excel、CiteSpace、VOSviewer等软件，从发文趋势、发文国家、机构、作者、关键词等维度对国内外的巴豆研究现状与发展趋势进行可视化分析。通过Incopat专利数据库从专利申请趋势、全球地域分布、专利申请人及专利技术领域等方面检索并分析巴豆相关全球专利申请情况。结果 共检索到符合标准的中文文献1 320篇，英文文献1 528篇。总体上，巴豆领域研究热度持续上升，中英文发文量相当，国内外学术影响力均衡，其中美国发文量全球最高，中国位居前列，是该领域重要研究力量。科研合作方面，国内以中医药院校及附属医疗机构为主体，研究结构单一、机构协作松散，存在明显研究壁垒；国际研究依托跨国科研主体，合作网络紧密、协作体系成熟。研究内容方面，国内侧重于巴豆传统药理与临床应用等方面，注重传统药用传承；国际聚焦于活性成分、作用机制等基础前沿研究方面。整体而言，巴豆研究不断突破传统范畴，依托多学科交叉实现创新发展，形成了传承与创新并举的发展态势。经初步检索，在Incopat专利数据库中共获得巴豆相关专利11 004件。进行同族合并处理后，最终保留专利5 196件。其中，国内专利2 346项，占总数的45.15%，处于主导地位。结论 巴豆领域的研究正不断拓展和深入，其研究范式正发生显著转变，逐渐由以传统应用为主导演进至多学科交叉融合、分子机制深入阐释的新格局。中国主导了巴豆领域各个国家间的专利布局，然而其专利体系存在显著弱点，主要表现为大量专利过早失效、技术产业化程度不高以及商业化拓展能力不足等。中文研究热点侧重于巴豆的抗炎药理作用及其炮制减毒工艺等方面，并逐步向农业应用领域延伸；而英文研究热点则集中在抗氧化活性、化学分类学及天然产物化学等方向，其中抗氧化研究在近几年表现出显著的增长势头。

Objective A comprehensive analysis of the research hotspots and prospective trends of Croton tiglium from the perspectives of knowledge graphs and global patents is conducted to provide theoretical basis and reference direction for clinical practice and subsequent in-depth exploration of C. tiglium. Methods C. tiglium was used as the keyword to search four databases: CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and Web of Science (WOS), and the literature was imported into the NoteExpress literature management software for duplication checking and screening. Excel, CiteSpace, VOSviewer and other softwares were used to conduct a visual analysis of the current status and development trends of C. tiglium research at home and abroad from the dimensions of publication trends, publishing countries, institutions, authors, and keywords. The Incopat patent database was used to search and analyze C. tiglium-related global patent applications from aspects such as patent application trends, global geographical distribution, patent applicants and patent technology fields. Results A total of 1 320 Chinese literature and 1 528 English literature that met the criteria were retrieved. After a preliminary search, a total of 11 004 patents were obtained in the Incopat patent database. After the merger process, 5 196 patents were finally retained. Among them, there are 2 346 domestic patents, accounting for 45.15% of the total, occupying a leading position. In general, the research heat in the field of C. tiglium continues to rise, the number of Chinese and English publications is comparable, and the academic influence at home and abroad is balanced. Among them, the United States has the highest number of publication volume in the world, and China is in the forefront, which are important research force in this field. In terms of scientific research cooperation, Chinese medicine colleges and affiliated medical institutions are the main body at home, with a single research structure and loose institutional cooperation, and there are obvious research barriers. International research relies on transnational scientific research subjects, with close cooperation networks and mature collaboration systems. In terms of research content, the domestic focus is on the traditional pharmacology and clinical application of C. tiglium, with an emphasis on the inheritance of traditional medicinal properties. The international focus is on fundamental and cutting-edge research such as active ingredients and mechanisms of action On the whole, C. tiglium research continues to break through the traditional category, relying on multidisciplinary cross to achieve innovative development, forming a development trend of inheritance and innovation. Conclusion Research in the field of C. tiglium is constantly expanding and deepening. Its research paradigm is undergoing a significant transformation, gradually shifting from the application of traditional Chinese medicine to multi-disciplinary interdisciplinary research and in-depth analysis of molecular mechanisms. China dominates the patent layout among various countries in the C. tiglium field. However, its patent system has significant weaknesses, mainly manifested in the premature expiration of a large number of patents, low technology industrialization, and insufficient commercial expansion capabilities. The research hotspots in Chinese literature focus on the anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects and processing techniques for reducing toxicity of C. tiglium, gradually extending to agricultural applications. Meanwhile, English research hotspots are concentrated on antioxidant activity, chemical taxonomy, and natural product chemistry, with antioxidant research showing significant growth in recent years.

G350;R282

国家自然科学基金项目（81904322）