目的 研究山楝Aphanamixis polystachya枝叶的化学成分及神经保护活性。方法 利用硅胶、反相ODS、葡聚糖凝胶（Sephadex LH-20）、半制备型HPLC、重结晶等多种技术进行分离纯化，得到单体化合物。综合使用核磁共振波谱（NMR）、高分辨质谱（HRESIMS）、红外光谱（IR）、紫外光谱（UV）、X-ray单晶衍射等现代分析手段对单体化合物进行结构鉴定。结果 从山楝枝叶90%乙醇提取物中分离得到21个化合物，分别鉴定为 (2R,5R,8S,9S,10R)-1-[(E)-5-hydroxy-3-methylpent-3-en-1-yl]-4,4,8,10-tetramethyldecahydronaphthalene-2,8-diol（1）、(1S,4aS,7R,8R,8aS)-十氢-8-[(3E)-5-羟基-3-甲基-3-戊烯-1-基]-4,4,7,8a-四甲基-1,7-萘二醇（2）、3β,8α,15-三羟基-13-半日花烷（3）、8β,15-二羟基-对映-13E-半日花烯-3-酮（4）、13E-半日花烯-8α,15-二醇（5）、13E-半日花烯-8α-羟基-15-乙酸酯（6）、7,13E-半日花二烯-15-醇（7）、8,13E-半日花二烯-15-醇（8）、brachytylin D（9）、labda-8(17),13E-dien-15-ol（10）、α-网翼藻萜醇（11）、(±)-selin-11-en-4α-ol（12）、(1S,5R,9R)-10,10-dimethyl-2,6-dimethylenebicyclo[7.2.0]undecane-5-ol（13）、石竹烯醇-II（14）、刺五加酮（15）、南烛木树脂酚（16）、异落叶松脂素（17）、(±)-ficusesquilignan A（18）、ficusesquilignan B（19）、丁香脂素（20）、迷迭香酸甲酯（21）。结论 化合物1为新化合物，命名为半日花烷型二萜Z。化合物2～4、9、11～15、18～21均为首次从山楝属植物中分离得到，该研究进一步丰富了山楝属植物的化学成分数据库，且生物活性研究发现化合物21具有神经保护活性。

Objective To study chemical constituents and neuroprotective activities of the branches and leaves of Aphanamixis polystachya. Methods Monomer compounds were obtained through separation and purification using various chromatographic techniques including silica gel column chromatography, reversed-phase ODS column, Sephadex LH-20, semi-preparative HPLC, and recrystallization. Their structures were elucidated by modern spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Results A total of 21 compounds were isolated from the branches and leaves of A. polystachya, identified as, (2R,5R,8S,9S,10R)-1-[(E)-5-hydroxy-3-methylpent-3-en-1-yl]-4,4,8,10-tetramethyldecahydronaphthalene-2,8-diol (1), (1S,4aS,7R,8R,8aS)-decahydro-8-[(3E)-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-penten-1-yl]-4,4,7,8a-tetramethyl-1,7-naphthalenediol (2), 3β,8α,15-trihydroxy-13-labdane (3), 8β,15-dihydroxy-ent-labda-13E-en-3-one (4), labd-13(E)-ene-8α,15-diol (5), labd-13(E)-ene-8α-hydroxy-15-acetate (6), labda-7,13E-dien-15-ol (7), labda-8,13E-dien-15-ol (8), brachytylin D (9), labda-8(17),13E-dien-15-ol (10), selin-11-en-4α-ol (11), (±)-selin-11-en-4α-ol (12), (1S,5R,9R)-10,10-dimethyl-2,6-dimethylenebicyclo[7.2.0]undecane-5-ol (13), caryophyllenol-II (14), ciwujiatone (15), lyoniresinol (16), isolariciresinol (17), (±)-ficusesquilignan A (18), ficusesquilignan B (19), syringaresinol (20), methyl rosmarinate (21). Conclusion Compound 1 is a novel compound designated as labdane diterpenoid Z. Compounds 2-4, 9, 11-15, and 18-21 are isolated from genus Aphanamixis for the first time, which further enriches the chemical component database of the genus Aphanamixis. Furthermore, biological activity assays reveals that compound 21 exhibits neuroprotective activity.

R284.1

国家自然科学基金项目（32160102）