目的 探究马氏珍珠贝肉提取物（Pteria martensii meat extract，PMME）对再生障碍性贫血大鼠（aplastic anemia，AA）的治疗作用，并对其入血成分进行表征鉴定。方法 采用环磷酰胺和乙酰苯肼联合建立AA大鼠模型，给予药物干预后，考察PMME对AA大鼠外周血血细胞、骨髓有核细胞、骨髓形态变化及血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）、γ干扰素（interferon-γ，IFN-γ）、促红细胞生成素（erythropoietin，EPO）水平和骨髓悬液中血管内皮细胞生长因子A（vascular endothelial growth factor-A，VEGF-A）、血管内皮细胞黏附分子-1（vascular cell adhesion molecule-1，VCAM-1）水平的影响。采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）技术对PMME进行定性分析，并对比正常大鼠和AA大鼠ig PMME后的入血成分差异。结果 与模型组比较，PMME组大鼠外周血中红细胞、白细胞数量和血红蛋白水平明显升高（P＜0.01），血小板数量显著减少（P＜0.05、0.01），血清中TNF-α、IFN-γ、EPO水平显著降低（P＜0.05、0.01），骨髓悬液中VEGF-A、VCAM-1水平显著升高（P＜0.05），骨髓有核细胞数量显著增加（P＜0.05、0.01），且大鼠骨髓破坏程度明显减轻。从PMME中鉴定出氨基酸类、核苷类、有机酸类、维生素类、嘌呤类、固醇类等69个成分，其中主要化学成分为有机酸类、氨基酸类、核苷类。正常大鼠含药血浆中鉴定出缬氨酸、二十碳一烯酸、组氨酸、花生酸4个成分，AA大鼠含药血浆中鉴定出苯丙氨酸、二十碳一烯酸、酪氨酸、癸二酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、异亮氨酸7个成分。结论 PMME对AA大鼠有明显的治疗作用，能够有效改善AA大鼠的各项指标和骨髓破坏程度。PMME的主要成分为有机酸类、氨基酸类及核苷类，二十碳一烯酸、组氨酸以原型成分或代谢物形式入血，可作为治疗AA大鼠的药效物质基础。

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of Pteria martensii meat extract (PMME) on aplastic anemia (AA) rats and characterize its components entering the blood. Methods An AA rat model was established by combined administration of cyclophosphamide and acetylphenylhydrazine. After drug intervention, the effects of PMME on peripheral blood cells, bone marrow nucleated cells, bone marrow morphological changes, levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), erythropoietin (EPO) in serum and levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in bone marrow suspension of AA rats were investigated. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was employed for the qualitative analysis of PMME, and the differences in components entering the blood between normal rats and AA rats after ig PMME were compared. Results Compared with model group, the numbers of red blood cells, white blood cells and hemoglobin level in peripheral blood of rats in PMME group were significantly increased (P < 0.01), the number of platelets was significantly decreased (P < 0.05, 0.01), the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and EPO in serum were significantly decreased (P < 0.05, 0.01), the levels of VEGF-A and VCAM-1 in bone marrow suspension were significantly increased (P < 0.05), the number of nucleated cells in bone marrow significantly was increased (P < 0.05, 0.01), and the degree of bone marrow destruction in rats was significantly reduced. A total of 69 components including amino acids, nucleosides, organic acids, vitamins, purines and sterols were identified from PMME, with the main chemical components being organic acids, amino acids, and nucleosides. Four components, namely valine, eicosaenoic acid, histidine, and arachidonic acid, were identified in the drug containing plasma of normal rats, while seven components, namely phenylalanine, eicosaenoic acid, tyrosine, sebacic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and isoleucine, were identified in the drug containing plasma of AA rats. Conclusion PMME has a significant therapeutic effect on AA rats and can improve various indicators and bone marrow damage in AA rats. The main components of PMME are organic acids, amino acids, and nucleosides, with eicosaenoic acid and histidine entering the bloodstream in the form of prototype components or metabolites, which can serve as the pharmacological substance basis for treating AA rats.

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广西科技重大专项（桂科AA22117003）；“尖锋”行动计划（广西重大专项计划）项目（桂科JF2503980037）；广西海洋中药资源及标准调研[桂药监科（2023）001号]