《本草图经》是北宋苏颂主持编纂的一部具有里程碑意义的药物学著作，开创了“一药一图、图文互证”的本草编纂新范式。首次对其中所载海洋中药进行了系统整理与专题分析，通过文献学方法，依据狭义海洋中药定义进行考辨，明确《本草图经》共收载海洋中药44味。分析表明，这些药物主要分布于虫鱼、草、玉石3部，以动物药（尤以软体动物）为主体；药性呈现“咸寒归肝肾”的核心规律；功效集中于清热、化痰止咳平喘、补益3大类别，初步构建了海洋中药的药性理论框架。研究揭示了《本草图经》在海洋中药发展史上承前启后的关键作用：相较于《新修本草》，新增了蛏、玳瑁、淡菜等14味，并为《证类本草》的集成性发展奠定了文献基础。其学术贡献主要体现在：以版刻药图为形态考证提供依据；以详实描述与严谨辨误深化药物认知；通过探讨优劣真伪、方药结合、强调道地，将海洋中药从知识记录推向质量控制与临床应用的层面。系统阐述了《本草图经》对海洋中药品种整理、知识体系构建及早期应用实践的突出贡献，为当代海洋中药的资源考证、品质评价及创新开发提供历史借鉴与学术支撑。

Illustrated Classics of Materia Medica, compiled under the direction of Su Song in the Northern Song Dynasty, is a milestone work in pharmaceutical literature, pioneering a new paradigm of “one drug, one illustration; mutual verification between text and image” for materia medica compilation. This study presents the first systematic collation and thematic analysis of the marine traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) documented therein. Employing philological methods and based on a narrow definition of marine TCMs, the research identifies 44 marine TCMs recorded in the Illustrated Classics of Materia Medica. Analysis reveals that these drugs are primarily distributed across the sections of insects & fish, herbs, and minerals & stones, with animal-derived medicines, particularly mollusks, constituting the majority. Their medicinal properties exhibit the core pattern of being “salty and cold in nature, predominantly attributing to the liver and kidney meridians.” Their efficacies are concentrated in three major categories: clearing heat, resolving phlegm and relieving cough and asthma, and tonifying and replenishing. The theoretical framework of the properties of Marine TCM has been initially constructed. The study elucidates the pivotal role of the Illustrated Classics of Materia Medica in bridging past and future in the historical development of marine TCMs: compared to the Newly Revised Materia Medica, it added 14 new marine medicines such as razor clam, carapax eretmochelydis, mussel, and laid the documentary foundation for the integrative development seen in the Classified Materia Medica. Its academic contributions are mainly manifested in providing a basis for morphological textual research through its printed illustrations, deepening the understanding of medicines via detailed descriptions and rigorous error correction, and advancing marine TCMs from mere knowledge documentation towards quality control and clinical application by discussing authenticity and quality, integrating formulas with medicines, and emphasizing geo-authenticity. This paper systematically expounds the Illustrated Classics of Materia Medica’ outstanding contributions to the variety collation, knowledge system construction, and early application practices of marine TCMs, providing historical reference and academic support for the contemporary resource verification, quality evaluation, and innovative development of marine TCMs.

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中国（广西）-东盟药物创新中心建设与新药开发（桂科AA19254033）