海洋中药作为中医药体系的重要组成部分，以其独特的生物来源和多样的药性功效被广泛用于疾病防治与养生保健。我国拥有丰富而独特的海洋生物资源，可考证的海洋中药逾700种，涵盖海藻、贝类、鱼类及海洋矿物等多类药材，蕴含巨大发展潜力。然而，与陆生中药相比，海洋中药现代化研究起步较晚，当前在资源调查、药性阐释、药效评价、质量控制体系、炮制工艺、创新产品开发以及产业链建设等方面仍存在明显短板。基于此，系统概括了当前海洋中药发展面临4大关键科学问题：一是现代研究关注不足，传统经验未系统转化；二是资源利用率低，濒危问题与生态压力突出；三是研究重化学分离，缺乏中医药理论融合；四是高层次复合型人才匮乏，创新体系薄弱。为破解上述瓶颈，提出构建“资源-性效-质量-工艺-产品-产业”一体化推进格局，具体包括资源普查与数据库建设、传统药性与现代药理融合、质量标志物与安全性评价体系构建、新型炮制与提取工艺开发、创新方剂与健康产品研发等策略。在此基础上，提出海洋中药的阶段性发展目标：短期内完成资源调查、标准建设与功效研究；长期构建完整产业链与国际化研发体系，实现全面产业化与全球布局。海洋中药在“健康中国2030”战略与全球大健康产业中具备广阔前景，应通过系统布局与协同创新，推动其走向系统化、现代化与国际化。

Marine traditional Chinese medicine (MTCM), as an important component of the traditional Chinese medicine system, has long been utilized for disease prevention, therapy, and health maintenance due to its unique biological origins and diverse pharmacological properties. China possesses abundant and distinctive marine biological resources, with more than 700 verifiable marine medicinal materials recorded in classical literature, including algae, shellfish, fish, and marine minerals, indicating substantial developmental potential. However, compared with terrestrial traditional Chinese medicines, the modernization of MTCM has started relatively late. Significant gaps remain in resource investigation, pharmacological interpretation, quality control systems, processing technologies, innovative product development, and industrial chain construction. Based on a systematic analysis, this review identifies four major scientific challenges currently hindering the development of MTCM: First, insufficient modern research and inadequate transformation of traditional knowledge. Second, low resource utilization efficiency, accompanied by ecological pressure and endangerment risks. Third, a predominant focus on chemical isolation with limited integration of traditional Chinese medical theory. Fourth, a shortage of high-level interdisciplinary talent and weak innovation systems. To address these bottlenecks, this study propose an integrated development framework spanning “resources-pharmacology-quality-processing-products-industry”. Key strategies include comprehensive resource surveys and database construction, integration of traditional medicinal theory with modern pharmacology, establishment of quality markers and safety evaluation systems, development of advanced processing and extraction technologies, and innovation in formulations and health products. Furthermore, phased development goals for MTCM are proposed. In the short term, priorities include resource investigation, standard system establishment, and efficacy evaluation. In the long term, efforts should focus on building a complete industrial chain and an internationalized research and development system to achieve large-scale industrialization and global expansion. Overall, MTCM holds significant promise under the “Healthy China 2030” initiative and within the global health industry. Through systematic planning and collaborative innovation, it is expected to advance toward systematization, modernization, and internationalization.

R282.77

广西中医药大学“桂派中医药传承创新团队”项目（2022A005）；“尖锋”行动计划（广西重大专项计划）项目“南珠资源综合利用研究与中成药产品二次开发”（桂科JF2503980037）；广西海洋中药资源及标准调研（桂药监科[2023]001号）