当归Angelicae Sinensis Radix作为甘肃大宗道地中药材，其质量安全直接影响临床疗效与公众健康。近年来，栽培过程中农药的使用导致其残留问题已成为制约产业可持续发展的关键风险因素。传统的色谱-质谱技术虽具有高准确性，但存在仪器依赖性强、分析周期长等局限，难以满足现场快速筛查与大规模样本高通量检测的需求。因此，发展快速、灵敏、便捷的新型检测技术成为当前研究重点。通过系统综述当归中农药残留的主要类型及检测技术研究进展，重点评述了基于纳米材料、生物传感、分子印迹等新兴技术的原理、特点与应用现状，并探讨了其在当归复杂基质中面临的干扰与适应性挑战。此外，强调了中药质量控制需兼顾“安全性”与“有效性”，分析了农药残留检测与活性成分分析之间的协同关系，提出了二者整合检测的技术路径。最后，展望了当归农药残留检测技术向集成化、智能化及全程溯源化方向的发展趋势，为构建适用于中药复杂基质的快速、精准、高通量质量监控体系提供参考。

Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), as a bulk genuine medicinal material from Gansu, its quality and safety directly affect clinical efficacy and public health. In recent years, pesticide use during cultivation has led to increasingly prominent residue issues, which have become key risk factors constraining the sustainable development of the industry. Although traditional chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques offer high accuracy, they are limited by heavy reliance on specialized instruments dependency and long analysis cycles, making it difficult to meet the demands for on-site rapid screening and high-throughput detection of large-scale samples. Therefore, the development of fast, sensitive, and convenient novel detection technologies has become a current research priority. This paper systematically reviews the main types of pesticide residues in Angelicae Sinensis Radix, as well as advancements in detection technologies. It focuses on evaluating the principles, characteristics, and application status of emerging technologies based on nanomaterials, biosensing, and molecular imprinting, and discusses the challenges of interference and adaptability in the complex matrix of Angelicae Sinensis Radix. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes that quality control of traditional Chinese medicine must balance “safety” and “effectiveness”, analyzes the synergistic relationship between pesticide residue detection and active component analysis, and puts forward technical pathways for their integrated detection. Finally, it outlines the development trends of Angelicae Sinensis Radix pesticide residue detection technologies toward integration, intelligentization, and whole-process traceability, aiming to provide a reference for constructing a fast, accurate, and high-throughput quality monitoring system suitable for the complex matrix of traditional Chinese medicine.

R282

2026年甘肃省高校青年博士“入企入园”项目（2026QB-066）；甘肃省联合科研基金重大项目（25JRRA1171）；甘肃省科技重大专项（23ZDFA0131）；甘肃中医药大学2024年引进人才科研启动基金项目（2025YJRC-10）；甘肃省科技特派员（基地）专项（23CXNA0043）