心肌纤维化（myocardial fibrosis，MF）是心肌梗死后的病理特征之一，可导致心肌僵硬，泵血能力减退，进一步诱发心律失常、心力衰竭、心脏破裂等症。目前，化学药、手术等手段在心肌梗死后MF的治疗中发挥了重要作用，但仍存在预后不理想、费用高昂等局限。同时，中医药凭借整体调节、多靶点作用的优势，在该领域也展现出了潜在价值。系统综述了心肌梗死后MF的病理机制及其中医药防治策略，为其临床研究与药物开发提供帮助。

Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is a key pathological feature following myocardial infarction (MI). This condition leads to myocardial stiffening and impaired cardiac pumping, ultimately resulting in complications including arrhythmias, heart failure, and cardiac rupture. Currently, interventions such as chemical drugs and surgery play an important role in the treatment of post-MI MF. However, they are still limited by suboptimal prognoses and high medical costs. Meanwhile, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has demonstrated potential value in this area, owing to its holistic regulation and multi-target therapeutic effects. This review provides a systematic overview of the pathological mechanisms underlying MF after MI and the preventive and therapeutic strategies of TCM for this disease. It aims to provide references for future clinical research and guide drug development efforts.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（82460765）；陕西省教育厅一般项目（24JK0730，25JK0747）；陕西省秦创原“科学家＋工程师”队伍建设项目（2025QCY-KXJ-185）；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目（2025JC-YBMS-1027）；延安大学博士科研启动项目（YDBK2023-75）；国家级大学生创新创业计划训练项目（202410719011）