目的 研究缬草内生真菌Chaetomium elatum FH-3大米发酵产物中的抗真菌次生代谢产物。方法 采用一株多化合物（one strain many compounds，OSMAC）策略及全球天然产物社会分子网络（global natural product social molecular networking，GNPS）分子网络技术导向分离，运用色谱学和波谱学方法鉴定结构。通过菌丝生长速率法测定化合物对木瓜炭疽杆菌的抑制活性。结果 从Chaetomium elatum FH-3的醋酸乙酯提取物中靶向分离得到12个化合物，分别鉴定为4′′-methoxy-asperianas A（1）、(3S,4S)-4-羟基-6-甲氧基蜂蜜曲菌素（2a）、(3R,4R)-4-羟基-6-甲氧基蜂蜜曲菌素（2b）、顺式-4,6-二羟基蜂蜜曲菌素（3）、顺式-4-羟基蜂蜜曲菌素（4）、6-甲氧基蜂蜜曲菌素（5）、6,8-二羟基-3-甲基-3,4-二氢异香豆素（6）、3-甲基-6-羟基-8-甲氧基-3,4-二氢异香豆素（7）、xenofuranone B（8）、黄嘌呤B（9）、对羟基苯甲醛（10）和对羟基苯甲酸甲酯（11）。抗菌实验表明，化合物1～4对木瓜炭疽杆菌的抑制活性显著优于阳性药多菌灵，其半数有效浓度（half-maximal effective concentration，EC₅₀）分别为15.02、25.31、37.89、47.86 μg/mL。结论 化合物1和2a为新的丁烯内酯类和二氢异香豆素类化合物，分别命名为曲霉丁烯内酯A（butenolide A）和缬草二氢异香豆素C（dihydroisocoumarin C）；化合物8～9首次从该菌株中分离得到。化合物1～9对木瓜炭疽杆菌有抑制作用。

Objective To investigate the antifungal secondary metabolites from the rice fermentation products of the Valeriana officinalis endophytic fungus Chaetomium elatum FH-3. Methods The one strain many compounds OSMAC (OSMAC) strategy and global natural products social molecular networking (GNPS) molecular networking technology were employed for targeted separation. Chromatographic and spectroscopic methods were used for structural identification. The antifungal activity of the compounds against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was evaluated using the mycelial growth rate method. Results A total of 12 compounds were targeted and isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Chaetomium elatum FH-3. These compounds were identified as 4′′-methoxy-asperianas A (1), (3S,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-methoxymellein (2a), (3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-methoxymellein (2b), cis-4,6-dihydroxymellein (3), cis-4-hydroxymellein (4), 6-methoxymellein (5), 6,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin (6), 3-methyl-6-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin (7), xenofuranone B (8), flavipesin B (9), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (10), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (11). Antifungal testing showed that compounds 1—4 exhibited significantly stronger inhibitory activity against C. gloeosporioides than the positive control carbendazim, with half-maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) values of 15.02, 25.31, 37.89, and 47.86 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion Compounds 1 and 2a are new butenolide and dihydroisocoumarin derivatives, named butenolide A and dihydroisocoumarin C respectively, and compounds 8 and 9 are reported for the first time from this strain. Compounds 1—9 demonstrate significant inhibitory activity against C. gloeosporioides.

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