中药纳米相态是近年来在中药现代化研究中逐渐受到关注的一类新型结构形式，其在煎煮或提取过程中通过多种成分的自组装形成，兼具内源药效与成像潜力，为生物成像提供了新的研究载体。系统梳理了中药纳米相态在生物成像中的结构基础与信号来源，归纳其在内源性成像、生物相容性及多成分协同响应等方面的优势，并重点讨论其在中药复方作用机制可视化、“归经”理论组织分布研究、中医证型量化及成像引导诊疗一体化中的应用进展。同时，从成像信号与药效关联、多成分协同解码、成像尺度与经络结构匹配及质量一致性等方面分析了该领域当前面临的关键挑战。未来，随着高分辨成像技术与跨学科分析方法的融合发展，中药纳米相态有望推动“中药全景分子影像学”等新概念的建立，推动中医药从经验表征向可视化与可量化研究转变，为中医理论的现代科学阐释提供新的技术路径。

Nanophases of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have recently emerged as a novel structural form attracting increasing attention in the modernization of TCM. They are typically formed through the self-assembly of multiple components during decoction or extraction processes, possessing both intrinsic therapeutic activity and imaging potential, thereby providing a new class of carriers for bioimaging applications. This review systematically summarizes the structural basis and signal sources of TCM nanophases in bioimaging, and highlights their advantages, including intrinsic imaging capability, favorable biocompatibility, and multicomponent synergistic responsiveness. Furthermore, their applications are discussed in depth, particularly in the visualization of action mechanisms of TCM formulas, the investigation of tissue distribution related to meridian tropism, the quantitative visualization of TCM syndromes, and imaging-guided theranostics. Meanwhile, key challenges in this field are analyzed from several perspectives, including the correlation between imaging signals and pharmacological effects, the decoding of multicomponent synergistic interactions, the mismatch between imaging resolution and meridian structures, and quality consistency. Looking forward, with the integration of high-resolution imaging technologies and interdisciplinary analytical approaches, TCM nanophases are expected to promote the development of emerging concepts such as panoramic molecular imaging of TCM, facilitating the transition of TCM research from empirical description to visualization and quantification, and providing new technical strategies for the modern scientific interpretation of TCM theories.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（32025021）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（U25A20578）；深圳市医学研究专项资金（B2302041）；宁波市国际合作项目（2024H006）