黄精Polygonati Rhizoma的品质核心在于内在药效品质，以多糖、皂苷等为主要表征。然而，这些活性成分的含量与组成易受种质、产地生态环境及加工方式等影响，导致商品药材质量波动，已成为制约产业标准化发展的关键瓶颈。传统研究多聚焦于单一生态或农艺因子的表观影响，缺乏对品质形成复杂系统的整体解析。聚焦内在药效品质，构建“遗传-环境-管理”多因子互作的系统性理论框架，系统阐明黄精品质形成的多维调控网络。全文从内在遗传基础（种质资源与代谢调控网络）、外在环境调控（气候因子与根际微生态互作）以及人为生产干预（精准栽培与采后加工）3个维度，系统梳理各因子及其互作对黄精品质性状的协同调控机制。在此基础上，提出未来应聚焦多组学整合的系统生物学解析、全产业链智能化精准管理、加工工艺现代化与高值化转型，以及覆盖全程的质量标准体系构建。为深入理解黄精道地性品质形成机制提供了整合性理论框架，也为指导其标准化生产与产业高质量发展提供理论依据。

Huangjing (Polygonati Rhizoma) is a medicinal and edible herb whose quality is primarily determined by its intrinsic medicinal properties, mainly characterized by polysaccharides and saponins. However, the content and composition of these bioactive constituents are highly susceptible to variations in germplasm, ecological conditions, and processing methods, leading to significant fluctuations in commercial product quality—a critical bottleneck impeding the standardized development of the industry. Traditional research has predominantly focused on the apparent effects of individual ecological or agronomic factors, lacking a holistic analysis of the complex system governing quality formation. This review focuses on the intrinsic medicinal quality of Polygonati Rhizoma and constructs a systematic theoretical framework of “genetic-environment-management” multifactorial interactions to elucidate the multidimensional regulatory network underlying its quality formation. The article comprehensively reviews and analyzes the synergistic regulatory mechanisms of various factors and their interactions on quality traits from three dimensions: intrinsic genetic basis (germplasm resources and metabolic regulatory networks), extrinsic environmental regulation (climatic factors and rhizosphere microecological interactions), and anthropogenic production interventions (precision cultivation and post-harvest processing). On this basis, we propose that future research should prioritize systems biology analysis through multi-omics integration, intelligent and precise management across the entire industrial chain, modernization and value-added transformation of processing technologies, and the establishment of a whole-process quality standard system. This review provides an integrated theoretical framework for understanding the formation mechanism of the geo-authentic medicinal quality of Polygonati Rhizoma and offers a theoretical foundation for guiding its standardized production and high-quality industrial development.

R282.6

贵州省基础研究计划（自然科学）面上项目（黔科合基础MS[2025]097）；贵州省高层次创新型人才培养项目（千层次）[2024-(2022)-046；2024-(2022)-049]；贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目（黔教技[2024]218号）；国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目（2024106650742）；铜仁学院研究生教育创新计划项目（trxyycjs-202405）