中药纳米聚集体是阐释中药制剂药效物质基础与“多成分、多靶点”作用机制的核心载体。通过系统综述中药纳米聚集体的形成机制、影响因素、表征技术及其靶向递送应用的最新研究进展，并探讨了该领域面临的挑战与未来发展方向。研究表明，中药纳米聚集体可通过氢键、π-π堆积、静电作用和疏水作用等非共价键作用自发组装形成，其粒径、形貌与结构特征显著影响药物的溶解度、稳定性与生物利用度。靶向递送是中药纳米聚集体的核心优势，可通过被动靶向与主动靶向策略实现药物在病灶部位的精准富集，达到减毒增效的目的。然而该领域仍面临制备工艺复杂、稳定性与安全性评价不足等挑战。未来需深入解析形成机制，完善评价体系，为中药药效物质基础阐释及现代化发展提供全新视角与技术支撑。

Nanoaggregates of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) serve as the core vehicle for elucidating the pharmacological basis of TCM formulations and their “multi-component, multi-target” mechanisms of action. This review systematically reviews the latest research advances on the formation mechanisms, influencing factors, characterization techniques and targeted delivery applications of TCM nanoaggregates, and analyzes the current challenges and future prospects of this research field. Studies have shown that TCM nanoaggregates can self-assemble spontaneously through non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic interactions. Their particle size, morphology and structural characteristics significantly affect the solubility, stability and bioavailability of drugs. Targeted delivery is the core advantage of TCM nanoaggregates. It enables the precise enrichment of drugs at lesion sites through passive targeting and active targeting strategies, thereby achieving the goal of toxicity reduction and efficacy enhancement. Nevertheless, this field still faces challenges such as complicated preparation processes and insufficient evaluation of stability and safety. Future studies should further elucidate the formation mechanisms and optimize the evaluation system, providing novel perspectives and technical support for the interpretation of the material basis of TCM efficacy and the modernization development of traditional Chinese medicine.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（22301020）；吉林省科技发展计划项目（20250301008YY）；2026年吉林省中医药管理局医疗服务与保障能力提升项目（zyzl-2026-04）