随着中医药迈出国门走向国际，有毒中药的减毒问题迫切需要解决。合理配伍是中医复方安全用药的基础，而药对是中药配伍的最小单位，通过从药对配伍减毒入手，对“有毒”中药的作用机制、古今剂量差异及典型药对的配伍理论进行汇总，为药对配伍减毒研究提供思路与参考，并从药对配伍后其组成药味的化学成分变化、体内药动学及药理机制进行归纳，总结出在中医基础理论指导下，可从多层次、多角度出发，通过多种方法相互结合来研究药对配伍减毒的作用机制，此策略有助于阐明中药复方的配伍规律，同时为药对配伍减毒机制的深入研究、中药临床安全用药提供科学依据。

With the wide application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) at home and abroad, the problem of toxicity reduction of toxic Chinese materia medica needs to be solved urgently. Rational compatibility of TCM is the basis for safe use of Chinese medicinal formulas, and herb pair is the smallest unit of TCM compatibility. By starting from toxicity reduction through herb pair compatibility, this study summarizes the mechanism of action of “toxic” TCM, the differences between ancient and modern dosages, and the typical theories of herb pair compatibility, to provide ideas and references for research on toxicity reduction in herb pairs. In addition, this study summarizes studies on chemical composition changes of individual herbs after pairing, in vivo pharmacokinetics, and pharmacological mechanisms of herb pair compatibility. It is concluded that under the guidance of basic theories of TCM, herb pairs can be studied at multiple levels and from multiple perspectives by combining multiple methods to investigate the mechanisms of their combinations in reducing toxicity. This approach helps to clarify the compatibility rules of Chinese medicinal formulas and provides a scientific reference for in-depth studies on the mechanisms of compatibility and detoxification of herb pairs, as well as for the clinical safe use of TCM.

R285

国家自然科学基金面上项目（82574565）；山西省基础研究计划面上项目（202403021211150）；山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目（2024-021）；山西省科技创新领军人才团队（202204051002011）