目的 研究低温处理对婆婆纳Veronica polita活性成分积累的影响，并阐明其调控机制。方法 对经低温处理的婆婆纳进行表型观察、生理生化指标测定、转录组及代谢组分析。结果 随着低温处理时间的延长，婆婆纳的株高、鲜质量、干质量，以及根长均显著增加。超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）和过氧化物酶（peroxidase，POD）活性、总黄酮、总酚及总糖含量均先升高后降低，丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）、叶绿素含量及过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）活性增加，叶绿素荧光参数降低。转录组分析显示，差异表达基因（differentially expressed genes，DEGs）呈阶段特异性表达模式：次生代谢物生物合成、苯丙烷类生物合成、代谢途径、植物激素信号转导等通路DEGs显著富集：筛选出3个黄酮类合成相关基因（GT5、JOX2、HO1）和5个酚类物质合成与代谢相关基因（LAC3、AOX4、LPR2、AS1、MT-CO2）。代谢物中槲皮素、杨梅素和苯甲酸含量随着处理时间延长，呈先升高后降低的趋势。整合多组学分析揭示，婆婆纳响应低温的机制主要为苯丙烷/类黄酮代谢通路的调控。结论 适度低温处理有助于婆婆纳次生代谢物的积累，为其功能基因的深入研究奠定了基础。

Objective To investigate the regulatory mechanism underlying the effect of low-temperature treatment on the accumulation of active components in Veronica polita and clarify its regulatory mechanism. Methods Plants subjected to low-temperature treatment were analyzed through phenotypic observation, physiological and biochemical indices, transcriptome and metabolome analyses. Results Prolonged low-temperature treatment significantly increased the plant height, fresh weight and dry weight, as well as the root length of V. polita. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), as well as the contents of total flavonoids, total phenols and total sugars first rose and then decreased. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and chlorophyll increased, whereas chlorophyll fluorescence parameters decreased. The contents of total flavonoids and total phenols also first increased and then decreased. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exhibited a stage-specific expression patterns. Pathways such as secondary metabolite biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and plant hormone signal transduction were significantly enriched. Three flavonoid synthesis-related genes (GT5, JOX2, HO1) and five phenol synthesis and metabolism-related genes (LAC3, AOX4, LPR2, AS1, MT-CO2) were identified. Metabolomic analysis indicated that the contents of quercetin, myricetin, and benzoic acid showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the extension of treatment time. Integrated multi-omics analysis demonstrated that the core mechanism by which V. polita responds to low-temperature stress involves the precise reprogramming of the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid metabolic pathway. Conclusion Appropriatelow-temperature treatment promotes the accumulation of secondary metabolites in V. polita, thereby providing a foundation for further research into its functional genes.

R282.1

甘肃省自然科学基金重点项目（25JRRA349）；国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-21）