高原睡眠障碍（high altitude sleep disturbance，HASD）是一种在高海拔地区因低压低氧导致的常见疾病，主要表现为失眠、睡眠呼吸暂停、睡眠质量显著下降等，严重者还可能引发高原肺水肿、高原脑水肿等急性高原病。人群在高原急性暴露后HASD发病率较高，严重威胁身体健康和生活质量，已成为高原地区备受关注的公共卫生问题。现代医学临床药物治疗HASD的疗效有限、并伴有嗜睡、耐药等不良反应。因此，深入探讨其发病机制及寻求更安全有效的治疗方法意义重大。藏医药作为传统医学体系，强调三因学说（隆、赤巴、培根）的辨证施治，具有多方位、多成分、多途径的整体调节优势，安全可靠，多靶点协同作用调节身体功能，成为解决HASD的潜在关键途径。HASD病位主要涉及各脑区的睡眠调节中枢，藏医整体观认为人体与自然环境高度统一，外在环境变化如低氧、气压波动等通过影响体内“隆”的平衡，导致脑内神经递质失衡，进而引发情志损伤和睡眠障碍。根据现有研究探讨藏医药因地制宜治疗HASD，并总结相关作用机制研究的进展，为HASD的藏药复方创新应用、新型药物研发提供更为充实的参考依据。

High altitude sleep disturbance (HASD) is a common condition occurring in high-altitude regions due to low pressure and low oxygen levels. Its primary manifestations include insomnia, sleep apnea, and significantly reduced sleep quality. Severe cases may also trigger acute high-altitude illnesses such as high-altitude pulmonary edema and high-altitude cerebral edema. Following acute exposure to high altitudes, the incidence of HASD is notably high, posing a serious threat to physical health and quality of life. It has thus become a significant public health concern in plateau regions. Modern medical drug therapies for HASD demonstrate limited efficacy and are associated with side effects such as drowsiness and drug resistance. Therefore, in-depth exploration of its pathogenesis and the pursuit of safer, more effective treatment methods are of significant importance. Tibetan medicine, as a traditional medical system, emphasizes diagnosis and treatment based on the three factors theory (rlung, mkhris-pa, bad-kan). It offers holistic regulatory advantages through multi-dimensional, multi-component, and multi-pathway approaches. Safe and reliable, it regulates bodily functions through multi-target synergistic effects, presenting a potential key pathway for addressing HASD. HASD primarily affects sleep regulation centers across various brain regions. Tibetan medicine's holistic perspective views the human body as deeply interconnected with the natural environment. External changes like hypoxia or atmospheric pressure fluctuations disrupt the body’s “rlung” equilibrium, leading to neurotransmitter imbalances in the brain. This, in turn, triggers emotional disturbances and sleep disorders. This paper explores the application of Tibetan medicine tailored to local conditions for treating HASD based on existing research, summarizing advances in related mechanism studies. It aims to provide more substantial reference for innovative applications of Tibetan medicinal formulas and novel drug development targeting HASD.

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国家中医药多学科交叉创新团队项目（ZYYCXTD-D-202207）；江西省中医药管理局科研计划项目（2022Z024）；江西中医药大学创新训练项目（202410412315）