阿霉素是临床广泛应用的蒽环类抗肿瘤药物，但治疗价值因其具有剂量相关性心脏毒性、肾毒性等不良反应受到显著制约，亟需寻找防治药物。近年的研究发现，NOD样受体热蛋白结构域3（NOD like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3，NLRP3）的异常激活是阿霉素诱导不同靶器官毒性的重要环节之一，而中药及其有效成分能够有效抑制NLRP3炎性小体而减轻阿霉素引起的毒性。通过系统总结近年来中药及活性成分通过调控NLRP3炎症小体改善阿霉素毒性的实验研究进展，发现其心脏、肾脏、肝保护等方面均可缓解阿霉素毒性，为中药干预阿霉素的相关毒副作用提供了重要的理论依据和潜在治疗策略。

Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antitumor drug widely used in clinical practice, but its therapeutic value is significantly limited due to adverse reactions such as dose-dependent cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, and there is an urgent need to find preventive and therapeutic drugs. Recent studies have found that abnormal activation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is one of the important mechanisms underlying doxorubicin-induced toxicity in different target organs, whereas traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its active components can effectively inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome and alleviate doxorubicin-induced toxicity. By systematically summarizing recent experimental research on how TCM and its active components ameliorate doxorubicin toxicity through regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome, it was found that they can alleviate doxorubicin toxicity in terms of cardiac and renal protection. These studies provide important theoretical evidence and potential therapeutic strategies for using TCM to intervene in the related adverse effects of doxorubicin.

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四川省自然科学基金资助项目（2024NSFSC0700）；国家自然科学基金项目（U24A20790）；成都中医药大学“杏林学者”计划项目（MPRC2032032）；国家中医药管理局项目（ZYYCXTD-D-202209）；四川省中医药管理局项目（2022C001）