可溶性微针（dissolving microneedles，DMNs）作为一种新型经皮给药技术，能够通过微米级针体暂时性穿透皮肤角质层，实现药物的高效递送，兼具微创、无痛、生物相容性好及患者依从性高等优势。随着材料科学与制剂工程的发展，DMNs在中药经皮递送中的研究日益深入，为突破传统中药外用制剂透皮效率低、作用不稳定等瓶颈提供了新的技术路径。系统综述了中药经皮给药载体的演变及可溶性微针的发展基础，重点阐述DMNs的结构类型、递药机制与常用制备方法，并总结其在皮肤病、炎症性疾病、类风湿性关节炎、脱发、美容及疼痛治疗等领域中的研究进展。最后分析了当前DMNs发展中存在的技术挑战，并展望了其未来在中药现代化及精准递送中的应用前景，为中药经皮给药微针系统的设计优化与研究提供参考。

Dissolving microneedles (DMNs), as an emerging transdermal drug delivery technology, can transiently penetrate the stratum corneum through micron-scale needle arrays to achieve efficient drug delivery, featuring minimal invasiveness, painless administration, good biocompatibility, and high patient compliance. With advances in materials science and pharmaceutical engineering, increasing attention has been paid to the application of DMNs in transdermal delivery of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), providing a novel strategy to overcome the limitations of conventional topical TCM formulations, such as low permeation efficiency and unstable therapeutic effects. This review systematically summarizes the evolution of carriers for transdermal TCM delivery and the developmental basis of dissolving microneedles, with emphasis on the structural types, drug delivery mechanisms, and commonly used fabrication methods of DMNs. In addition, recent research progress on the application of DMNs in the treatment of skin diseases, inflammatory disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, alopecia, cosmetic therapy, and pain management is reviewed. Finally, the current technical challenges associated with DMNs are discussed, and their future prospects in TCM modernization and precision delivery are highlighted. This review aims to provide references for the design optimization and further research of microneedle-based transdermal delivery systems for TCM.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（82174096）；浙江省新苗人才计划项目（2024R410A037）