目的 研究南欧大戟Euphorbia peplus果壳的萜类成分及其抗炎活性。方法 采用多种色谱技术从该植物果壳乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取部位分离萜类成分，利用波谱分析（1D/2D NMR、HRMS）及单晶X射线衍射等方法鉴定化合物结构，并通过检测脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞中一氧化氮（NO）产生评价其抗炎活性。结果 从南欧大戟果壳的乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取部位共分离得到13个萜类化合物，包括4个paraliane型二萜（1～4）、1个pepluane型二萜（5）、3个jatrophane型二萜（6～8）、2个ingenane型二萜（9、10）、1个abietane型二萜（11）、1个ursane型三萜（12）和1个二降单环二萜（13）。分别鉴定为 (2S,3S,4R,5R,6R,8S,12S,13S,15R)-8b-acetyl-paralianone D（1）、(1R,2R,3S,4R,5R,6R,8S,12S,13S,14R, 15R)-1,5,8,14-tetraacetoxy-3-benzoyloxy-15-hydroxy-9-oxo-paraliane（2）、(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R,8S,12S,13S,14R,15R)-5,8,14-triacetoxy-3-benzoyloxy-15-hydroxy-9-oxo-parapliane（3）、paralianone A（4）、(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R,8R,9R,10R,12S,13S,14R,15R)-5,8,9,10,14-pentaacetoxy-3-benzoyloxy-15-hydroxypepluane（5）、euphpepluone A（6）、euphpepluone D（7）、(2S,3S,4R,5R,7S,8R,13S,15R)-5α,7b,8α-triacetoxy-3b-benzoyloxy-15b-hydroxyjatropha-6(17),11E-diene-9,14-dione（8）、20-去氧巨大戟醇（9）、20-O-(2¢E,4¢Z-decadienoyl)ingenol（10）、helioscopinolide D（11）、熊果酸（12）和 (3R,6R,7E,9E,11E)-3-hydroxy-13-apo-α-caroten-13-one（13）。化合物1的结构通过单晶X衍射得以确认。抗炎活性筛选结果显示，仅化合物2表现出一定的抗炎活性，其半数抑制浓度（median inhibition concentration，IC₅₀）值为（37.6±8.2）μmol/L。结论 化合物1、2、10和13为首次从该植物中分离得到，化合物2具有一定的抗炎活性。丰富了南欧大戟的萜类化学成分，为其抗炎活性研究提供了依据。

Objective To investigate the terpenoid constituents of fruit shells of Euphorbia peplus and evaluate their anti-inflammatory activities. Methods Various chromatographic techniques were applied to isolate terpenoids from the petroleum ether-soluble fraction of the ethanol extract of E. peplus fruit shells. The chemical structures of all isolates were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses (1D/2D NMR, HRMS) combined with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Anti-inflammatory activities were assessed by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Results A total of 13 terpenoids were isolated from the petroleum ether fraction of E. peplus fruit shells, including four paraliane-type diterpenoids (1–4), one pepluane-type diterpenoid (5), three jatrophane-type diterpenoids (6–8), two ingenane-type diterpenoids (9 and 10), one abietane-type diterpenoid (11), one ursane-type triterpenoid (12), and one dinor-monocyclic diterpenoid (13). They were respectively identified as (2S,3S,4R,5R,6R,8S,12S,13S,15R)-8b-acetyl-paralianone D (1), (1R,2R,3S,4R,5R,6R,8S,12S,13S,14R, 15R)-1,5,8,14-tetraacetoxy-3-benzoyloxy-15-hydroxy-9-oxo-paraliane (2), (2S,3S,4R,5R,6R,8S,12S,13S,14R,15R)-5,8,14-triacetoxy-3-benzoyloxy-15-hydroxy-9-oxo-parapliane (3), paralianone A (4), (2S,3S,4R,5R,6R,8R,9R,10R,12S,13S,14R,15R)-5,8,9,10,14-pentaacetoxy-3-benzoyloxy-15-hydroxypepluane (5), euphpepluone A (6), euphpepluone D (7), (2S,3S,4R,5R,7S,8R,13S,15R)-5α,7b,8α-triacetoxy-3b-benzoyloxy-15b-hydroxyjatropha-6(17),11E-diene-9,14-dione (8), 20-deoxyingenol (9), 20-O-(2¢E,4¢Z-decadienoyl)ingenol (10), helioscopinolide D (11), ursolic acid (12) and (3R,6R,7E,9E,11E)-3-hydroxy-13-apo-α-caroten-13-one (13). The structure of compound 1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the anti-inflammatory activity screening, only compound 2 exhibited inhibitory activity against NO production, with an IC₅₀ value of (37.6 ±8.2) μmol/L. Conclusion Compounds 1, 2, 10, and 13 were isolated from E. peplus for the first time. Compound 2 demonstrated moderate anti-inflammatory activity. This study enriches the terpenoid chemical diversity of terpenoids from E. peplus and provides an experimental basis for further research on its anti-inflammatory substances.

R284.1

国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1600304）；湖南省教育厅项目（25C0336）；大学生创新创业训练计划项目（S202510531097）