肺癌是一种全球范围内发病率和死亡率均较高的恶性肿瘤。近年来，中药方剂在调控肿瘤免疫微环境（tumor immune microenvironment，TME）及辅助肺癌治疗方面取得了突破性进展。然而，由于中药方剂具有多成分、多靶点、多途径协同作用的特点，解析其调控TME的作用机制仍面临巨大挑战。通过系统总结中医对肺癌病因病机的认识及临床治疗原则，深入探讨了中药调控TME的分子机制，并对未来解读复方调控TME作用机制的研究策略进行展望，为推动复方在肺癌临床治疗中的精准用药提供依据。

Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality rates in the global. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas have achieved breakthrough progress in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) and serving as adjuvant therapy for lung cancer. However, due to the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway synergistic effects of TCM formulas, elucidating their mechanisms of regulating TME remains a significant challenge. This review systematically summarizes TCM’s understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of lung cancer, as well as clinical treatment principles. It further explores the molecular mechanisms by which TCM regulates tumor immune microenvironments and provide insights into future research strategies for deciphering the mechanisms underlying the regulation of TME by TCM formulas. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for understanding TCM-mediated TME regulation against lung cancer and promoting the precise application of TCM formulas in clinical lung cancer treatment.

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国家重点研发计划资助项目（2023YFC3502900）；上海交通大学“交大之星”计划医工交叉研究基金（YG2022QN079）