胶束由双亲性分子自组装而成，作为一种药物递送系统，在提高中药活性成分的溶解性、稳定性及靶向性方面具有极大前景。在中药制药领域，许多活性成分能够自发形成胶束，或通过特定制备工艺包埋于胶束载体中，从而有效提高药物的性能。通过对中药胶束的形成机制、制备工艺及应用现状进行综述，针对复杂中药体系中胶束的杂化性，结合结构表征技术和胶束形成过程中的主要影响因素，指出现有研究中存在的自组装无序性、不可控性等问题，并提出相应的优化建议与展望，为中药现代化及创新制剂的研发提供理论参考。

Micelles, formed through the self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules, hold significant promise as drug delivery systems for enhancing the solubility, stability, and targeting properties of active components in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Within the field of Chinese medicine formulation, numerous active constituents can spontaneously form micelles or be encapsulated within micellar carriers via specific preparation techniques, thereby effectively improving drug performance. This paper reviews the formation mechanisms, preparation techniques, and current applications of TCM micelles. In view of the hybrid nature of micelles within complex TCM systems, it combines structural characterisation techniques with key influencing factors in micelle formation. The study identifies existing issues such as disordered self-assembly and lack of controllability in current research, proposing corresponding suggestions and future directions. This aims to provide theoretical reference for modernisation of TCM and the development of innovative formulations.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（82274106）；中药制药过程控制与智能制造技术全国重点实验室创新项目（NZYSKL240207）；南京中医药大学中药学一流学科科学研究培育项目（ZYXPY2024-006）