目的 明确刺五加Acanthopanax senticosus叶中次生代谢物在生长季内的动态积累规律，为不同用途叶片的精准采收提供理论依据。方法 运用比色法和非靶代谢组学技术，分析刺五加叶中黄酮、多酚和皂苷等代谢物的动态累积特征。结果 基于叶片的形态发育特征将生长季划分为13个时期（L1～L13），总黄酮、总多酚、总三萜及总皂苷含量呈现L3（展叶盛期）和L11（7月末）双峰积累模式，其中L11期各组分含量达最大值，较L1期分别提升8.02、1.68、1.61和1.63倍。基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes，KEGG）富集分析显示，与L3期相比，L11期苯丙烷和类黄酮生物合成通路特异性上调，光信号分子（FAD、光黄素）与防御相关化合物（芥子碱、槲皮素糖苷）协同积累，而核苷酸合成前体显著减少。此外，《中国药典》质控指标紫丁香苷在L11期的相对含量较L3期增加2.51倍；结论 刺五加叶中次生代谢的累积具有显著的发育阶段依赖性，其中L11期是高富集期，这为刺五加叶片的精准利用提供了代谢组学依据。

Objective To clarify the dynamic accumulation pattern of secondary metabolites in the leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus during the growth season, providing theoretical support for precision-guided leaf harvesting tailored to different usage purposes. Methods Colorimetric method and untargeted metabolomics technology were used to analyze the dynamic accumulation characteristics of metabolites such as flavonoids, polyphenols and saponins in the leaves of A. senticosus. Results The growth season was divided into 13 stages (L1—L13) based on leaf morphodevelopmental traits. Total flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenoids, and saponins exhibited bimodal accumulation peaks at L3 (the peak leaf expansion stage) and L11 (the end of July), with maximum contents at L11, reaching 8.02-, 1.68-, 1.61-, and 1.63-fold increases, respectively, compared to L1. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that, relative to L3, L11 showed specific upregulation of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, coupled with synergistic accumulation of light signaling molecules (FAD, lumiflavin) and defense-related compounds (sinapine, quercetin glycosides), while nucleotide synthesis precursors significantly decreased. Additionally, the pharmacopoeial quality control indicator syringin increased by 2.51-fold in L11 relative to L3. Conclusion The secondary metabolism of A. senticosus leaves exhibits significant developmental stage-dependence, among which the L11 stage is a high-enrichment period, this provides metabolomic evidence for the precise utilization of A. senticosus leaves.

R282.6

黑龙江省种业创新项目（ZQTYB231700002）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2572023CT11-02）