目的 构建基于大豆分离蛋白（soybean protein isolate，SPI）稳定、负载膜荚黄芪水提物（Astragalus membranaceus water extract，AMWE）的艾纳香精油（Blumea balsamifera oil，BBO）皮克林乳液（AMWE-BBO Pickering emulsion，AMWE-BBO@PE），评价其理化性质、抗菌活性及对小鼠伤口愈合的作用。方法 以SPI为稳定剂、BBO为油相，采用超声乳化法制备AMWE-BBO@PE；通过单因素实验考察AMWE质量浓度、油水比及超声功率等关键参数，优化制备工艺；表征乳液的粒径、ζ电位、多分散指数（polydispersity index，PDI）及稳定性，借助透射电子显微镜（transmission electron microscopy，TEM）和光学显微镜观察微观形态，并评价其经皮渗透、抗菌及促创面愈合效果。结果 最优工艺参数为油水比4%、AMWE质量浓度0.020 g/mL、超声功率30 W；所得乳液呈规整椭圆形，其平均粒径（422.2±2.2）nm，PDI 0.076±0.019，ζ电位（−33.95±0.54）mV，稳定性良好；48 h累积透皮量达4.857 mg，透皮速率较BBO组提升约6.3倍。该乳液对大肠杆菌Escherichia coli、金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus具有明显抑菌效果，可加速胶原纤维沉积与重塑，显著促进小鼠皮肤创面愈合。结论 AMWE-BBO@PE皮克林乳液兼具良好抗菌活性与促伤口愈合能力，为开发高效、稳定的中药水提物经皮递送系统提供了新思路。

Objective To construct a Blumea balsamifera oil (BBO) Pickering emulsion (AMWE-BBO@PE) stabilized by soybean protein isolate (SPI) and loaded with Astragalus membranaceus water extract (AMWE), and evaluate its physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity, and effect on wound healing in mice. Methods AMWE-BBO@PE was prepared by ultrasonic emulsification method using SPI as the stabilizer and BBO as the oil phase. Key process partners including the concentration of AMWE, oil-water ratio, and ultrasonic power were optimized via single-factor experiments. The particle size, ζ potential, polydispersity index (PDI), and stability of the emulsion were characterized; its micromorphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and optical microscopy. Additionally, its transdermal penetration ability, antibacterial activity, and wound healing-promoting effect were evaluated. Results The optimal process partners were determined as follows: oil-water ratio of 4%, AMWE mass concentration of 0.020 g/mL, and ultrasonic power of 30 W. The prepared emulsion exhibited a regular elliptical shape with an average particle size of (422.2 ± 2.2) nm, PDI of 0.076 ± 0.019, and ζ potential of (−33.95 ± 0.54) mV, showing good stability. The cumulative transdermal amount within 48 h reached 4.857 mg, and the transdermal rate was approximately 6.3-fold higher than that of the BBO group. Furthermore, the emulsion displayed significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, accelerated the deposition and remodeling of collagen fibers, and remarkably promoted the healing of skin wounds in mice. Conclusion The AMWE-BBO@PE Pickering emulsion possesses excellent antibacterial activity and wound healing-promoting capacity, providing a novel strategy for the development of efficient and stable transdermal delivery systems for aqueous extracts of traditional Chinese medicines.

R283.6

贵州省现代中药创制全省重点实验室（黔科合平台[2025]019）；贵州中医药大学纳米药物技术研究中心（贵中医ZX合字[2024]070）；中药制剂与大健康产品开发贵州省科技创新领军人才工作站（黔科合平台KXJZ[2025]042）