目的 对不同品种的山药Dioscoreae Rhizoma进行比较，揭示其化学成分差异，为山药品种定向选育提供依据。方法 收集8批不同种质的山药资源，对其农艺性状进行测定与比较；采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）非靶向代谢组学技术，系统解析其化学成分。通过主成分分析与聚类热图分析、相关性图等多种分析方法，解析不同品种间的代谢产物差异及其与农艺性状的关联性。结果 8批山药在产量、块茎形态等指标差异显著。基于高分辨质谱共鉴定8批山药中共有成分肽类、氨基酸类、黄酮类、皂苷类等化学成分164种。主成分分析表明，8批不同的山药种质资源存在显著差异，晋山药、太谷山药、双棒山药、麻山药中皂苷类成分相对较高，而太谷山药、晋山药、麻山药在黄酮类成分具有相似的化学特征。聚类热图分析揭示了潜在的化学标志物，可以为不同品种间的快速鉴别提供依据。铁棍山药和山东细毛这类药食兼用山药与其他品种的化学差异可能体现在氨基酸和肽类方面。相关性图表明茎粗与皂苷类成分显著正相关；零余子重则与皂苷、黄酮正相关，与氨基酸和肽类负相关。结论 8批山药存在不同的化学特征，所揭示的化学差异为定向选育山药药用和食用专用品种提供了科学依据。

Objective To compare different varieties of Dioscoreae Rhizoma and reveal their chemical differences, providing a basis for targeted breeding of Dioscoreae Rhizoma varieties. Methods Eight batches of Dioscoreae Rhizoma materials with different germplasms were collected, their agronomic traits were measured and compared. Subsequently, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)-based untargeted metabolomic approach was employed to systematically analyze their chemical compositions. Multivariate statistical methods, including principal component analysis (PCA), cluster heatmap analysis and correlation plots, were used to dissect the metabolic product differences among varieties and their associations with agronomic traits. Results The eight batches of Dioscoreae Rhizoma showed significant differences in indicators such as yield and tuber morphology. Based on high-resolution mass spectrometry, 164 chemical components were identified across the eight batches of Dioscoreae Rhizoma, including peptides, amino acids, flavonoids, and saponins. PCA indicated significant differences among the eight batches of Dioscoreae Rhizoma germplasm resources. Saponin levels were relatively high in Jin Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Taigu Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Shuangbang Dioscoreae Rhizoma, and Ma Dioscoreae Rhizoma, while Taigu Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Jin Dioscoreae Rhizoma, and Ma Dioscoreae Rhizoma exhibited similar chemical characteristics in terms of flavonoids. Cluster heatmap analysis revealed potential chemical markers, providing a basis for rapid discrimination among different varieties. The chemical differences between medicinal-edible Dioscoreae Rhizoma varieties such as Tiegun Dioscoreae Rhizoma and Shandong Ximao and other varieties may be related with amino acids and peptides. The correlation network indicated that stem diameter was significantly positively correlated with saponins, while bulbils weight showed positive correlations with saponins and flavonoids but negative correlations with amino acids and peptides. Conclusion The eight different batches of Dioscoreae Rhizoma possess distinct chemical characteristics, which provide a scientific basis for the targeted breeding of medicinal and edible-specific Dioscoreae Rhizoma varieties.

R284.1

国家农业农村部现代农业产业技术体系山药运城综合试验站（CARS-21）；山药种质资源创制与新品种选育研究（YCKJ-2023014）；国家中医药管理局青年岐黄学者培养项目（2022-256）