目的 探究覆盆子Rubus chingii中药用指标成分山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷和鞣花酸的时空分布特征，基于优化加工工艺提高其含量。方法 采用基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱成像（MALDI-TOF IMS）技术对覆盆子果实进行成像分析，并用HPLC法测定覆盆子鲜果及日晒、烘干处理后药材的指标成分山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷和鞣花酸含量。结果 山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷主要分布于果实外层，鞣花酸及其前体富集于果托，两者均在青果中含量最高，并随着果实成熟而逐渐下降。与烘干相比，日晒工艺使鞣花酸含量显著增加68.71%，但山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷含量降低41.30%。120℃蒸汽回润30 min后干燥可有效提升鞣花酸含量，且对山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷及药材品相无显著负面影响。结论 覆盆子指标成分的组织特异性分布是加工过程中含量变化的关键因素，适时采收青果并优化加工工艺（短时蒸汽回润）可协同提升药材质量。

Objective To investigate the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and ellagic acid, the medicinal marker components of Rubus chingii, and optimize the processing technology to improve their contents based on the findings. Methods Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF IMS) was used for imaging analysis of R. chingii fruits, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed for quantitative determination of the marker components in fresh fruits and medicinal materials processed by different technologies. Results Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside was mainly distributed in the outer layer of the fruit, while ellagic acid and its precursors were enriched in the receptacle. Both components exhibited the highest content in green fruits and gradually decreased with fruit ripening. Compared with oven-drying, the sun-drying process significantly increased ellagic acid content by 68.71% but reduced kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside content by 41.30%. Drying after steam moistening at 120 ℃ for 30 min followed by drying effectively improved ellagic acid content without significant negative impacts on kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside content or the appearance of medicinal materials. Conclusion The tissue-specific distribution of the marker components in R. chingii is a key factor affecting their content changes during processing. Timely harvesting of green fruits and optimization of processing technology (short-time steam moistening) can synergistically improve the quality of medicinal materials.

R283

杭州市农业产业技术专家团队项目（202407TD17）