目的 旨在深度挖掘参与斯皮诺素和酸枣仁皂苷A生物合成的关键基因。方法 选取青果期和成熟期的酸枣仁Ziziphi Spinosae Semen作为供试材料，进行转录组和代谢组学分析，通过功能注释和差异表达基因分析，系统解析与斯皮诺素和酸枣仁皂苷A生物合成途径相关的关键候选基因。结果 通过代谢组学分析共检测到1 646种代谢物；转录组测序及功能注释鉴定出7 316个差异表达基因。研究发现，斯皮诺素在酸枣仁青果期相对富集，酸枣仁皂苷A在成熟期显著富集。结合系统发育和热图分析，筛选出50个关键候选基因，包括33个UGTs、12个OMTs、2个OSCs和3个CYP450s基因，推测其可能参与斯皮诺素和酸枣仁皂苷A的下游生物合成途径。结论 系统解析并推测了斯皮诺素和酸枣仁皂苷A的生物合成途径，为后续功能元件鉴定奠定基础，拓展了酸枣仁活性成分的分子生物学研究，为中药资源开发利用提供了新思路。

Objective This study aimed to comprehensively identify the key genes involved in the biosynthesis of spinosin and jujuboside A. Methods Ziziphi Spinosae Semen samples at green fruit and mature stages were selected as experimental materials to construct transcriptomic and metabolomic datasets. Key candidate genes associated with the spinosin and jujuboside A biosynthesis pathways were systematically analyzed through functional annotation and differential expression gene analysis. Results Metabolomic profiling detected 1 646 metabolites, while transcriptomic sequencing and functional annotation identified 7 316 differentially expressed genes. Results revealed that spinosin was relatively enriched during the green fruit stage of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, whereas jujuboside A accumulated predominantly at the mature stage. Through phylogenetic and heatmap analyses, 50 key candidate genes were screened, including 33 UGTs, 12 OMTs, two OSCs, and three CYP450s, which are hypothesized to participate in the downstream biosynthesis of spinosin and jujuboside A. Conclusion This work systematically deciphers and proposes biosynthetic pathways for these components, laying a foundation for subsequent functional gene validation. It advances molecular biology research on Ziziphi Spinosae Semen bioactive compounds and provides novel insights for the development and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources.

R282.12

河南中医药大学博士科研启动基金项目（00104311-2024）；河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划（2021GGJS086）；中央本级重大增减支项目“名贵中药资源可持续利用能力建设项目”（2060302）