人参皂苷作为人参属植物的主要活性成分，在抗肿瘤、降血糖、抗炎、免疫调节、神经保护和抗疲劳等方面的显著活性赋予人参Panax ginseng极高的药用价值。系统梳理人参皂苷的化学结构、分类、生物合成途径及其药用功能，重点围绕调控其生物合成相关的转录因子进行综述。深入阐述了包括NAC、碱性螺旋-环-螺旋（basic Helix-Loop-Helix，bHLH）、MYB、AP2/ERF、WRKY、TCP和GRAS在内的转录因子家族通过响应冷、干旱、盐等非生物胁迫与茉莉酸甲酯（methyl jasmonate，MeJA）、乙烯和水杨酸等植物激素信号，精密调控人参皂苷合成通路中关键基因的表达并最终决定人参皂苷的积累与组成。提出当前转录因子调控人参皂苷生物合成的分子机制研究中面临的挑战，为相关领域的学者进一步通过合成生物学与分子育种策略等手段提升人参药材品质提供理论参考。

Ginsenosides, the primary bioactive constituents of Panax plants, exhibit a wide range of remarkable pharmacological activities, including antitumor, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective and anti-fatigue effects, underpinning their significant medicinal value. Based on a systematic review of the recent advances in the chemical structures, classification, biosynthetic pathways and medicinal functions of ginsenosides, this article focuses on the transcription factors involved in the regulation of ginsenosides biosynthesis. The pathways various transcription factor (TF) families, including NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2 (NAC), basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH), myeloblastosis (MYB), APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF), WRKYGOK (WRKY), TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA and PCF (TCP) and [(Gibberellic Acid Insensitive, GRI), (Repressor of GAI-3 mutant, RGA), and (Scarecrow, SCR)](GRAS) precisely regulate the expression of key genes in the ginsenoside biosynthesis through responding to abiotic stresses such as cold, drought and salt, and phytohormone signals including methyl jasmonate (MeJA), ethylene and salicylic acid, leading to the ultimately determination of the accumulation and composition of ginsenosides. This paper raised the challenges in current studies concerning the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in ginsenoside biosynthesis, which could provide a theoretical reference for researchers in related fields to further improve quality of Panax ginseng through strategies such as synthetic biology and molecular breeding.

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辽宁省科技重大专项项目-人参等道地药材种质创新与应用(2025JH1/11700024); 辽宁省揭榜挂帅项目-辽宁林下人参新品种选育及生态栽培技术研究(2023JH1/10400021); 国家中药材产业技术体系辽阳综合试验站(CARS-21); 科技服务特色主导产业发展项目-人参GAP高效种植技术集成与示范推广