天麻Gastrodia elata作为我国传统名贵中药材，具有息风止痉、平抑肝阳等药效，主要用于神经系统、心脑血管系统疾病治疗。检索统计共筛选出含天麻的中药处方171首，涉及392味中药，药性多温寒，药味主苦辛，归经以肝、脾、心经为主。经数据分析得到7个中药组合与4类核心药物，制剂有10种剂型，丸剂、胶囊为主要类型，核心功效围绕风证、瘀证、虚证，主治中风、风湿痹痛及部分儿科疾病。含天麻的中药处方禁忌有52%尚不明确，部分明确孕妇、儿童等人群禁用。通过系统分析天麻上市药品，构建起“化学成分-药理作用-成方规律-临床定位”完整证据链，为天麻的临床合理用药、深度研究与开发提供了科学参考，也为中药现代化发展提供了研究思路。

Gastrodia elata is a precious traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with the effects of calming wind to relieve convulsion and suppressing liver yang, and it is mainly used for the treatment of diseases of nervous and cardiovascular-cerebrovascular systems. Through retrieval and statistics, 171 TCM prescriptions containing G. elata were identified, involving 392 TCMs. These herbs are mostly warm or cold in nature, predominantly bitter and pungent in flavor, and their meridian tropism is mainly attributed to the liver, spleen and heart meridians. Data analysis identified seven Chinese medicinal combinations and four categories of core drugs. There are ten dosage forms of the preparations, with pills and capsules as the main types. Their core efficacies focus on wind syndrome, blood stasis syndrome and deficiency syndrome, and they are indicated for stroke, rheumatic arthralgia and certain pediatric diseases. Contraindications remain unclear for 52% of TCM prescriptions containing G. elata, and some explicitly state that they are forbidden for pregnant women, children and other populations. By systematically analyzing the marketed medicinal products containing G. elata, this study constructs a complete evidence chain of “chemical components-pharmacological effects-formulation rules-clinical positioning”, which provides a scientific reference for the rational clinical application, in-depth research and development of G. elata, and also offers valuable insights for the modernization of TCM.

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陕西省科技厅项目(2025NC-YBXM-308); 汉中市科技计划项目(HZCYCXLHT-2); 陕西理工大学“市校共建”科研专项(SXC-2301);陕西理工大学科研项目(SLGRCQD045)