目的 在三七Panax notoginseng全基因组水平对谷氨酸受体（glutamate receptors-like，GLR）基因家族进行鉴定和不同激素处理的表达分析，为深入研究其功能提供参考。方法 利用生物信息学方法对PnGLR基因家族进行系统鉴定，对该基因家族的基本理化性质、系统进化、保守基序、蛋白结构、顺式元件和表达模式进行分析；研究了外源激素茉莉酸甲酯（methyl jasmonate，MeJA）、水杨酸（salicylic acid，SA）、脱落酸（abscisic acid，ABA）、谷氨酸（L-glutamic acid，L-Glu）处理及毁灭柱孢菌Cylindrocarpon destructans侵染下的表达变化。结果 从三七全基因组水平共鉴定出12个PnGLR基因，非均匀分布在6条染色体上，可分为4个分支；PnGLR基因家族成员编码693～1 372氨基酸，具有2～5个跨膜结构，亚细胞定位预测均位于质膜；顺式作用元件预测结果显示，PnGLR启动子区域存在光、植物激素、逆境胁迫相关响应元件。实时荧光定量PCR（real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction，RT-qPCR）分析表明，PnGLR2、PnGLR4、PnGLR5、PnGLR8、PnGLR9、PnGLR11在外源激素及C. destructans处理下表达量显著上调；1 mmol/L和10 mmol/L的外源L-Glu处理能显著诱导PnGLR5、PnGLR6、PnGLR7、PnGLR9、PnGLR10基因表达上调。结论 在全基因组水平上鉴定到12个PnGLR基因家族成员，其在外源激素、L-Glu处理及C. destructans侵染下的表达模式存在差异；为进一步探究PnGLR基因潜在功能奠定了理论基础。

Objective The glutamate receptor-like (GLR) gene family was identified at the whole genome level of Panax notoginseng and the expression analysis under different hormone treatments was conducted to provide a reference for in-depth study of its functions. Methods The PnGLR gene family was systematically identified using bioinformatics methods, followed by comprehensive analyses of physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, protein structures, cis-regulatory elements, and expression patterns. Additionally, their expression responses were examined under exogenous hormone treatments, including methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), and L-glutamic acid (L-Glu), as well as upon infection with Cylindrocarpon destructans. Results Genome-wide analysis identified 12 PnGLR genes in P. notoginseng, which were unevenly distributed across six chromosomes and grouped into four clades. Members of the PnGLR gene family encoded 693 to 1372 amino acids and contained 2 to 5 transmembrane domains, and were all predicted to localize to the plasma membrane. The cis-acting element prediction results showed that the promoter region of PnGLR contained response elements related to light, plant hormones, and abiotic/biotic stress. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results demonstrated that PnGLR2, PnGLR4, PnGLR5, PnGLR8, PnGLR9, and PnGLR11 were significantly upregulated under exogenous hormone treatments and C. destructans infection. Exogenous L-Glu treatment with 1 and 10 mmol/L could significantly induce the upregulation of gene expression of PnGLR5, PnGLR6, PnGLR7, PnGLR9, and PnGLR10. Conclusion A total of 12 members of the PnGLR gene family were identified at the whole-genome level, and their expression patterns under exogenous hormone, L-Glu treatment and C. destructans infection were different, this laid a theoretical foundation for further exploring the potential functions of the PnGLR genes.

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国家自然科学基金项目(32260095); 云南省重大科技专项(202205AR070001); 云南省重特大科技项目(202502AU100003-1); 云南省重点研发计划:云南省中越珍稀人参属资源国际联合实验室(202503AP140007)