目的 通过系统比较不同炮制方法对半夏Pinelliae Rhizoma外观性状、有效成分、毒性及药效的影响，证明微波炮制替代半夏传统工艺的可行性。方法 采用浸出物测定法、紫外分光光度法、HPLC法系统对比不同炮制方法对半夏活性成分的影响，并采用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscopy，SEM）/X射线衍射（X-ray diffraction，XRD）技术进行表征，十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶（sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis，SDS-PAGE）电泳、蛞蝓刺激实验等方法评价半夏不同炮制品的刺激性，同时采用小鼠浓氨水引咳法以及气管酚红分泌量法评价半夏不同炮制品的镇咳化痰效果。结果 微波半夏水溶性浸出物和生物碱显著高于半夏传统炮制品（P＜0.01），但其核苷总量较生半夏、姜半夏及清半夏低（P＜0.01），较法半夏高（P＜0.01）。相较于生半夏和传统半夏炮制品，微波半夏中的草酸钙针晶含量显著降低（P＜0.01），凝集素蛋白结构被破坏。黏膜刺激性为生半夏＞清半夏＞法半夏＞姜半夏＞微波半夏，且微波半夏几乎无黏膜刺激性。药效实验表明，微波半夏镇咳化痰作用与生半夏相当，且明显优于传统炮制品。结论 微波炮制在保留半夏活性成分的同时，可在短时间内快速降低其刺激性，且镇咳祛痰活性与生半夏相当。研究证明了微波技术用于半夏炮制的可行性，为微波半夏的工业化生产及临床应用提供了科学支撑。

Objective In order to demonstrate the feasibility of microwave processing as an alternative to traditional methods, the study aimed to systematically compare that different processing methods affect on the appearance, active components, toxicity and efficacy of Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, PR). Methods This study systematically compares the active components of different processed PR using extract yield determination, UV spectrophotometry, and HPLC. The irritancy of various processed products of PR was assessed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and slug irritation tests. Additionally, mouse ammonia-induced cough suppression and tracheal phenol red secretion assays were employed to evaluate the antitussive and expectorant effects of the different processed products of PR. Results The experimental results indicate that the water-soluble extract and alkaloid content of microwave-processed PR are significantly higher than those of traditionally processed products (P < 0.01). However, the total nucleoside content is lower than that of raw PR, Jiangbanxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine, PRPZA), and Qingbanxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine, PRPA), but higher than that of Fabanxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum, PRP) (P < 0.01). Compared to raw PR and traditionally processed products, the content of calcium oxalate raphides in microwave-processed PR is significantly reduced (P < 0.01), and the lectin protein structure is disrupted. The mucosal irritation was in the order: raw PR > PRPA > PRP > PRP > microwave-processed PR, and microwave-processed product showed almost no mucosal irritation. Pharmacological experiments indicated that the cough-suppressing and expectorant effects of microwave-processed PR were comparable to those of raw PR and significantly superior to those of traditionally processed products. Conclusion Microwave processing retains active components of PR while rapidly reducing its irritancy, with antitussive and expectorant activities comparable to those of raw PR. This study demonstrates the feasibility of microwave technology for PR, providing scientific evidence for its industrial-scale production and clinical applications.

R283.6

四川省中医药管理局科学技术研究专项课题(2023MS473); 成都市科技厅重点研发项目(2024-YF05-02547-SN)