乳腺癌作为全球女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，其发生发展与多种机制相关，临床治疗仍面临复发与转移的挑战。莪术Curcumae Rhizoma作为传统活血化瘀类中药，性温，味辛、苦，归肝、脾经，含有挥发油、姜黄素类、其他类等多种活性成分，具有破血行气、消积止痛的功效。现代药理研究表明，莪术及其活性成分可通过抑制细胞增殖、诱导凋亡、抗肿瘤转移、抑制血管增生及调节自噬等多重机制发挥抗乳腺癌作用。中医认为，莪术通过活血力强、走窜散结，破除“气滞血瘀、毒积癥瘕”之病机，从而化解痰瘀互结、气机阻滞所致的乳岩肿核。在复方配伍中，莪术可因药对组合不同而强化疗效，配伍黄芪等补气药可扶正祛邪、减轻化疗耐药，配伍三棱等活血化瘀药则增强消癥攻毒之效，体现“攻补兼施”的配伍策略。对近年来莪术及其有效成分在抗乳腺癌方面的药理机制与研究进展进行综述，以期为莪术在乳腺癌治疗中的深入研究和临床应用提供参考。

Breast cancer, one of the most prevalent malignancies among women globally, involves multiple mechanisms in its pathogenesis and progression. Clinical treatment continues to face challenges such as recurrence and metastasis. Ezhu (Curcumae Rhizoma), a traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and resolving stasis, is warm in nature, with pungent and bitter flavors, and acts on the liver and spleen meridians. It contains various active components, including volatile oils, curcuminoids, and other compounds, and functions to break blood stasis, promote qi movement, eliminate accumulation, and relieve pain. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Curcumae Rhizoma and its active components exert anti-breast cancer effects through multiple mechanisms, such as inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, preventing tumor metastasis, suppressing angiogenesis, and regulating autophagy. According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, Curcumae Rhizoma addresses the pathogenesis of “qi stagnation and blood stasis, toxic accumulation and masses” by strongly activating blood circulation, dispersing stagnation, and resolving masses, thereby alleviating breast masses (including breast cancer) caused by phlegm-stasis binding and qi obstruction. In compound formulations, the efficacy of Curcumae Rhizoma can be enhanced through different herb pairings. For example, when combined with qi-tonifying herbs like Huangqi (Astragali Radix), it reinforces healthy qi to eliminate pathogens and reduces chemotherapy resistance. When paired with blood-activating and stasis-resolving herbs such as Sanleng (Sparganii Rhizoma), it enhances the effect of dispersing masses and combating toxins, reflecting the compatibility strategy of “simultaneously eliminating pathogens and reinforcing healthy qi”. This article reviews the pharmacological mechanisms and research progress of Curcumae Rhizoma and its active components in anti-breast cancer studies in recent years, aiming to provide references for further research and clinical applications in breast cancer treatment.

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河南省自然科学基金项目（252300420626）；国家中医优势专科建设项目（国中医药医政函[2024]90号）