中药材质量的稳定可控直接关系中医药产业的可持续发展，构建覆盖中药材全生命周期的溯源体系已成为国家政策引导和行业升级的关键举措。系统阐述了中药材溯源体系建设的政策背景与现实必要性，剖析了中药材全生命周期所涵盖关键节点，并深入分析了溯源体系核心技术区块链、物联网、大数据等现代信息技术的融合应用。实践表明，溯源系统的有效应用能显著提升中药质量的透明度和监管效率，增强消费者信任。然而，当前体系建设仍面临诸多困境，包括指标标准化缺失、部分环节技术成熟度不足以及数据可靠性与隐私安全等问题。旨在为中药材溯源体系的进一步完善提供理论参考与实践方向，建议未来以家种大宗药材为突破口，通过技术融合降低成本，完善政策法规，最终实现“来源可查、去向可追、责任可究”的全品种溯源网络，推动产业高质量发展。

The stability and controllability of the quality of Chinese medicinal materials are directly related to the sustainable development of Chinese medicine industry. The construction of a traceability system covering the whole life cycle of Chinese medicinal materials has become a key measure for national policy guidance and industry upgrading. This paper expounds the policy background and practical necessity of the construction of the traceability system of Chinese medicinal materials, and systematically analyzes the key nodes covered by the whole life cycle of Chinese medicinal materials, it also systematically analyzes the integrated application of modern information technologies such as blockchain, internet of things, and big data supported for the traceability system. Practice shows that the effective application of the traceability system can significantly improve the transparency and supervision efficiency of the quality of traditional Chinese medicine and enhance consumer trust. However, the current system construction still faces many difficulties, including the lack of standardization of indicators, the lack of technical maturity in some links, and the problems of data reliability and privacy security. The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical reference and practical direction for the further improvement of the traceability system of Chinese medicinal materials. It is suggested that in the future, taking domestic bulk medicinal materials as a breakthrough point, reducing costs through technical integration, improving policies and regulations, and finally realizing the whole variety traceability network of “source can be traced, whereabouts can be traced, and responsibilities can be investigated”, so as to promote the high-quality development of the industry.

R28

湖北省自然科学基金项目（2025AFD714）