目的 解析西红花Crocus sativus球茎腐烂病发生与根际微生物功能协同网络失衡的关联，挖掘关键有益微生物，为靶向合成微生物群落（SynComs）设计提供依据。方法 采集健康与患病西红花根际土壤，利用宏基因组测序解析微生物群落结构与功能，通过多元统计分析鉴定差异物种及抗病功能通路。结果 患病根际以尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum等病原菌异常增殖（相对丰度之和达21%）为特征，而芽孢杆菌属Bacillus、木霉属Trichoderma等有益微生物丰度显著降低。健康根际则富集了与信号转导、抗菌物质（如非核糖体肽）生物合成、防御机制等相关的功能通路。物种-功能关联分析表明，健康根际中的核心有益菌与这些抗病功能呈显著正相关，形成一个潜在的“功能协同网络”，该网络在病害状态下崩溃。结论 球茎腐烂病的发生与根际微生物功能协同网络的失衡密切相关。揭示了健康根际中由核心有益微生物构成的功能协同网络，为靶向重建该网络、设计多机制协同的SynComs生物防治策略提供了关键理论与资源。

Objective To decipher the association between corm rot disease in Crocus sativus and the impairment of the functional synergistic network within the rhizosphere microbiome, and to identify core beneficial microorganisms, thereby providing a basis for the targeted design of synthetic microbial communities (SynComs). Methods Rhizosphere soil samples from healthy and diseased saffron plants were collected. Metagenomic sequencing was employed to analyze the microbial community structure and function, while multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify differentially enriched taxa and disease-resistant functional pathways. Results The diseased rhizosphere was characterized by the abnormal proliferation of pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum (with a combined relative abundance of up to 21%), alongside a significant decrease in the abundance of beneficial microbes like Bacillus and Trichoderma. In contrast, the healthy rhizosphere was enriched with functional pathways related to signal transduction, biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds (e.g., nonribosomal peptides), and defense mechanisms. Species-function correlation analysis revealed that the core beneficial microorganisms in the healthy rhizosphere were significantly positively correlated with these disease-resistant functions, forming a potential “functional synergistic network”, which collapsed under diseased conditions. Conclusion The occurrence of corm rot is closely related to the disruption of the functional synergistic network in the rhizosphere microbiome. This study reveals the functional synergistic network constituted by core beneficial microbes in the healthy rhizosphere, providing key theoretical foundations and microbial resources for targeted restoration of this network and the design of multi-mechanistic SynCom-based biocontrol strategies.

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浙江省基础公益研究计划资助项目（LGN21H280001）；湖州市科学技术局公益性应用研究资助项目（2023GY11）；中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（2025ZY01023）