人参Panax ginseng是一种兼具药用和食用价值的珍贵中药材，其主要活性成分为人参皂苷。受限于野生资源匮乏、市场需求旺盛及传统栽培模式的局限，构建高效可控的体外培养体系已成为研究热点。结合近年来的多组学研究成果，综述了人参皂苷的生物合成通路及其关键酶基因的表达调控机制，系统探讨了人参不定根培养的优势及其在次生代谢产物生产中的应用潜力，重点分析了培养基优化、诱导策略和环境因子对人参皂苷生产的影响。未来研究应进一步揭示皂苷生物合成中的后修饰步骤，整合多组学数据构建动态代谢模型，并优化绿色诱导策略，以加速人参不定根培养技术向规模化、工业化生产的转化。

Panax ginseng is a valuable traditional Chinese medicinal herb with both therapeutic and nutritional properties, and ginsenosides are its principal active components. Due to the limited availability of wild resources, increasing market demand, and constraints of conventional cultivation methods, the development of an efficient and controllable in vitro culture system has become a major research focus. Based on recent multi-omics studies, this review summarizes the biosynthetic pathways of ginsenosides and the regulatory mechanisms of their key enzyme genes. It systematically discusses the advantages of adventitious root culture and its potential applications in the production of secondary metabolites, with particular emphasis on the effects of medium optimization, elicitor strategies, and environmental factors on ginsenoside production. Future studies should aim to uncover the post-modification steps in ginsenoside biosynthesis, integrate multi-omics data to construct dynamic metabolic models, and refine eco-friendly elicitation strategies to facilitate the industrial-scale application of adventitious root culture technology in P. ginseng production.

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