目的 探究羧甲基淀粉钠（carboxymethyl starch sodium，CMS）与交联聚维酮（polyvinylpyrrolidone，PVPP）对中药（traditional Chinese medicines，TCM）提取物共喷雾干燥复合粒子结构、表面自由能与关键直压性能的影响差异。方法 以茯苓Poria、当归Angelicae Sinensis Radix、黄芪Astragali Radix、丹参Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma和金银花Lonicerae Japonicae Flos提取物（PC、AS、AM、SM、LJ）为模型药物，CMS和PVPP为改性剂，通过共喷雾干燥技术制备中药提取物复合粒子（CP-PC/AS/AM/SM/LJ-CMS、CP-PC/AS/AM/SM/LJ-PVPP），对共喷雾干燥液体性质及复合粒子结构、表面自由能与关键直压性能进行全面表征，并进行统计学分析。结果 不同改性剂的加入，共喷雾干燥液体的性质及复合粒子的结构性质、表面自由能和直压性能存在不同程度的差异。与PVPP相比，包含CMS的共喷雾干燥液体固含量和黏度增加，表面张力和水合粒径（CP-SM/LJ-CMS除外）减小；复合粒子均表现出球形结构，且包含CMS的复合粒子表面更光滑且粒径更大；加入CMS的粉体明亮度值（CP-AM-CMS除外）、硬度（CP-AS/AM-CMS除外）、弹性和回弹性（CP-AS/AM-CMS除外）普遍偏低，内聚性（CP-PC/LJ-CMS除外）、黏聚功（CP-SM/LJ-CMS除外）、表面自由能（CP-SM/LJ-CMS除外）和极性指数（CP-SM-CMS除外）偏大。包含CMS的复合粒子卡尔指数、豪斯纳比、休止角（CP-SM-CMS除外）和崩解时间（CP-LJ-CMS除外）均较小，而包含PVPP的复合粒子抗张强度偏大。结论 CMS与PVPP对中药提取物共喷雾干燥液体性质、复合粒子结构、表面自由能及直压性能均存在差异，为中药提取物共喷雾干燥技术的发展和适用于粉末直压的复合粒子制备提供参考。

Objective To investigate the different effects of carboxymethyl starch sodium (CMS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPP) on the structure, free surface energy, and key direct compression properties of composite particles produced by co-spray drying based on traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) extracts. Methods This study selected extracts of Fuling (Poria), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), and Jinyinhua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos) (PC、AS、AM、SM、LJ) as model drugs, and CMS and PVPP as modifiers. The composite particles of TCM extracts (CP-PC/AS/AM/SM/LJ-CMS and CP-PC/AS/AM/SM/LJ-PVPP) were prepared via co-spray drying. The properties of the co-spray dring liquid, and structure, free surface energy and direct compression properties of composite particles were comprehensively characterized. The different effects of CMS and PVPP on these properties were analyzed by statistical analysis. Results The application of different modifiers led to differential variations in the properties of the co-spray dring liquid, as well as in the structural characteristics, free surface energy, and direct compression properties of the composite particles. Compared to PVPP, co-spray dried liquid containing CMS exhibited increased solid content and viscosity, and lower surface tension and hydrodynamic size (except for CP-SM/LJ-CMS); All composite particles exhibited spherical structures, and those containing CMS showed smoother surfaces and larger particle size than those containing PVPP; The composite particles containing CMS brightness values (except for CP-AM-CMS), hardness (except for CP-AS/AM-CMS), elasticity, and rebound property (except for CP-AS/AM-CMS) were lower; The cohesion (except for CP-PC/LJ-CMS), cohesion work (except for CP-SM/LJ-CMS), free surface energy (except for CP-SM/LJ-CMS), and polarity index (except for CP-SM -CMS) of composite particles containing CMS were relatively high; The Carr’s index, Hausner ratio, angle of repose (except for CP-SM-CMS), and disintegration time (except for CP-LJ-CMS) of composite particles containing CMS were all smaller, while composite particles containing PVPP demonstrated higher tensile strength. Conclusion The properties of TCM extract co-spray drying solutions, structures, free surface energy, and direct compression performance of composite particles containing CMS and PVPP were exhibited different effects. These findings provide valuable insights for advancing co-spray drying technology in TCM extracts and for preparing composite particles suitable for direct powder compression.

R283.6

江西省自然科学基金资助项目（20232ACB216015）；赣鄱俊才支持计划·青年科技托举人才（2025QT07）