目的 阐明丹参Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma“发汗”过程中水分、色泽和指标性成分的动态变化特征，初步探究丹参“发汗”过程水分迁移-色泽演变-指标性成分变化的关联性。方法 选择山东产丹参进行“发汗”处理，利用低场核磁共振（low-field nuclear magnetic resonance，LF-NMR）及磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging，MRI）技术分析丹参中水分迁移及分布特征；采用高效液相色谱仪（high performance liquid chromatography，HPLC）、色差仪分别测定不同“发汗”程度丹参中丹酚酸B、丹参酮II_A、丹参酮I和隐丹参酮的含量与色度L^*、a^*、b^*和ΔE值，并进行Pearson相关性分析。结果 “发汗”过程以自由水散失为主，弛豫峰逐渐向左迁移；MRI结果表明，丹参中水分由中心向外周逐渐迁移；横断面颜色呈现出由外向内，由黄白色经褐色最终转为紫褐色的变化规律，色度值L^*持续降低，a^*、b^*和ΔE持续升高；丹酚酸B和丹参酮类成分含量均呈先升高后降低的趋势，并分别在轻度“发汗”丹参（SD3，47.38 mg/g）和中度“发汗”丹参（SD7，4.62 mg/g）中达到最高值；丹酚酸B含量与L^*、a^*、b^*和ΔE呈现显著相关性（P＜0.01）。结论 通过明确丹参“发汗”过程中水分迁移和分布特征，科学验证了“发汗促进药材内部水分外溢”的传统观点。揭示了“发汗”过程中丹参色泽和指标性成分的动态变化规律，并初步探究水分驱动色泽“由外至内”加深及丹酚酸B含量变化的作用过程，为丹参“发汗”工艺的优化提供参考。

Objective To elucidate the dynamic changes in moisture, color, and index components during the “sweating” process of Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, SMRR) and preliminarily explore the correlation between moisture migration, color evolution, and changes in index components. Methods SMRR samples from Shandong underwent the “sweating” process, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were employed to analyze moisture migration and distribution characteristics. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and colorimeter were used to determine the contents of salvianolic acid B, tanshinone II_A, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone and chromaticity values (L^*,a^*, b^*, and ΔE) of SMRR at different “sweating” degrees, respectively, followed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results The “sweating” process mainly involved free water loss, with relaxation peak gradually shifting leftward. MRI results indicated that moisture migrated from the core to the exterior of the roots. The cross-sectional color transitioned from the outer to inner layers, changing from yellowish-white to brown and finally to purplish-brown, with the L^* decreasing while a^*, b^*, and ΔE increasing continuously. The contents of salvianolic acid B and tanshinones initially increased and then decreased, reaching the highest values in lightly sweated SMRR (SD3, 47.38 mg/g) and moderately sweated SMRR (SD7, 4.62 mg/g) respectively. The content of salvianolic acid B exhibited a significant correlation with L^*, a^*, b^* and ΔE (P < 0.01). Conclusion By clarifying the characteristics of moisture migration and distribution during the “sweating” process of SMRR, this study scientifically validates the traditional view that “sweating promotes the outward diffusion of internal moisture in medicinal materials”. It reveals the dynamic changes in color and index components during “sweating” and preliminarily explores the role of moisture in driving the color deepening from the outside to the inside and changes in salvianolic acid B content, providing a reference for optimizing the “sweating” process of SMRR.

R283.6

国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3503805）；财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目（CARS-21）；中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目资助（CI2021B013）