微波炮制技术提出近40年，已在30余种中药中开展了工艺研究，具有能量集中、加热高效、节能卫生等优势，逐步成为替代传统火制及水火共制方法的新途径。随着工业微波设备的普及与智能化，该技术产业化条件日趋成熟，但规模化应用仍面临多重瓶颈。系统阐述了微波炮制的基本原理，重点分析了微波加热均匀性的影响因素，剖析了该技术产业化进程中仍存在的关键瓶颈。在此基础上，提出深化微波与药材相互作用机制研究、开发专用微波炮制设备与智能控制系统、建立基于多物理场仿真的炮制工艺放大方法、构建适应微波炮制特点的质量评价体系等解决路径。同时，从中药饮片监管科学视角出发，结合国家政策导向，提出完善相关标准与规范体系的监管建议，以期推动微波炮制技术在中药炮制领域的科学化、规范化应用，促进中药炮制的传承、创新与产业转化。

Microwave processing technology has been under investigation for nearly 40 years, with research conducted for over 30 types of herbs. This technology offers advantages such as concentrated energy, efficient heating, energy savings, and cleanliness, gradually emerging as a promising alternative to traditional fire-processing and combined water-fire processing methods. With the widespread adoption and intelligent development of industrial microwave equipment, the conditions for industrializing microwave processing technology in traditional Chinese medicine have become increasingly favorable. However, its large-scale application still faces several bottlenecks. This paper systematically elaborates on the basic principles of microwave processing, analyzes factors affecting heating uniformity, and examines key challenges in the industrialization process. Based on these, it proposes solutions including deepening research into the interaction mechanisms between microwaves and medicinal materials, developing specialized microwave processing equipment and intelligent control systems, establishing process scale-up methods based on multi-physical field simulations, and constructing quality evaluation systems tailored to the characteristics of microwave processing. Furthermore, from the perspective of regulatory science for Chinese medicinal decoction pieces and aligned with national policy directions, it offers regulatory recommendations to improve relevant standards and normative systems. The aim is to promote the scientific and standardized application of microwave processing technology in traditional Chinese medicine processing, thereby facilitating the inheritance, innovation, and industrial transformation of this field.

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国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目（82304725）；成都市科技厅重点研发项目（2024-YF05-02547-SN）；国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC1707205）