中药药效成分自组装已被研究证实存在于汤剂中，保证了传统汤剂药效成分的有效性，提高了生物利用度，且有增效减毒的作用。挥发油作为一类重要的药效成分，被广泛应用于中药解表、化湿、开窍、理气等方剂。尽管挥发油具有易挥发的特点，但其在汤剂煎煮过程中并未完全挥发而继续发挥药效，这一现象暗示挥发油在复杂汤剂体系中可能通过与其他成分的自组装形成了“油-活性分子”配合体，实现了挥发油分子的稳定化。基于中药分子自组装理论，“配伍组合体”的稳定状态可能与挥发油结构、多种成分相互作用以及溶液状态有关。基于中药自组装领域的研究现状与挑战，聚焦于汤剂共煎体系中所存在的“油-活性分子”配合体，旨在阐明其自组装的活性成分、作用力与调控策略，并系统探讨自组装技术应用于中药挥发油稳定化的潜力与进展。

The self-assembly of active components of traditional Chinese medicine has been confirmed to exist in decoctions, which ensures the effectiveness of active components of traditional decoctions, improves bioavailability, and has the effect of enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity. As an important pharmacodynamic component, essential oil is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions such as relieving exterior syndrome, resolving dampness, inducing resuscitation and regulating qi. Although essential oil has the characteristics of easy volatilization, it does not completely volatilize during the decoction process and continues to exert its efficacy. This phenomenon suggests that essential oil may form an “oil-active molecule” complex through self-assembly with other components in a complex decoction system to achieve the stabilization of essential oil molecules. Based on the theory of molecular self-assembly of traditional Chinese medicine, it is speculated that the stable state of “compatible combination” may be related to the structure of essential oil, the interaction of multiple components and the solution state. Based on the research status and challenges in the field of self-assembly of traditional Chinese medicine, this paper focuses on the “oil-active molecule” complexes existing in the decoction co-decoction system, aiming to clarify the active components, forces and regulatory strategies of self-assembly, and systematically explore the potential and progress of self-assembly technology applied to the stabilization of essential oil of traditional Chinese medicine.

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国家自然科学基金面上项目（82474091）；国家自然科学基金（82560781）；国家级高层次人才支持计划