作为大宗常用中药材白术Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma药用历史久、应用广，具有健脾益气、燥湿利水等作用。其炮制始于南北朝，历经多代形成10余种炮制方法，主要以切制、炒制为主，其中生白术、麸炒白术沿用至今。当前白术药材质量检测依据主要为《中国药典》及地方标准，通过多指标控制质量，但是多以成分指标为主，脱离临床，且饮片标准与药材标准高度重合、缺乏饮片特色。通过综述本草古籍、炮制专著、历版《中国药典》、地方炮规及现代文献，对白术的炮制历史沿革、质量控制标准、质量控制技术手段等进行梳理，为白术质量控制标准的完善及优质优效白术的生产提供理论依据。

As a commonly used bulk Chinese medicinal herb, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) has a long history of medicinal use and wide application, possessing effects such as strengthening the spleen and boosting qi, drying dampness, and promoting diuresis. Its processing began during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, evolving over generations into more than ten methods primarily involving slicing and stir-frying. Among these, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and stir-frying Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma with honey bran remain in use today. Current quality control for Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma primarily relies on pharmacopoeia and local standards, employing multi-indicator monitoring. However, these standards predominantly focus on chemical constituents, often detaching from clinical practice. Furthermore, standards for processed slices highly overlap with raw material standards, lacking distinct characteristics for processed forms. This review synthesizes ancient herbal texts, processing treatises, successive editions of pharmacopoeias, regional processing regulations, and modern literature to trace the historical evolution of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma processing, quality control standards and technical methodologies of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma. It aims to provide theoretical foundations for refining Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma quality standards and advancing the production of high-quality, efficacious Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma.

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温州市重大科技项目攻关“揭榜挂帅”项目（ZN2023004）；温州医科大学人才科研启动项目（QTJ23033）